Biology Chapter 21

Where is the vascular cylinder of a root

In the center of the root

Insects captured by predatory plants provide the plant with

Nitrogen

What is the endosperm

a food supply for the developing plant embryo

Flowers pollinated primarily by the wind tend to produce large

amounts of pollen

Burrs are fruits that are usually dispersed by

animals

colorful fragrant flowers are most likely pollinated by

animals

Water loss is not a problem for what group of plants

aquatic plants

Root hairs anchor plants and help them absorb water and minerals by

increasing the roots surface area

Primary growth increases a plants

length

The upper surfaces of leaves are used mainly for

light gathering

Which of these processes requires a plant to use energy

loading sugars into the phloem

In what part of a leaf does most photosynthesis take place?

mesophyll

Where would the small grains falling out of the flower in figure 22.1 need to land for fertilization to take place

on the stigma

Figure 21.2 shows a cross section through a tree. What does each ring represent

one year of growth

The function of guard cells is to

open and close the stomata

In the pressure flow model, sugar is pumped into the phloem, and water flows into the phloem through

osmosis

The part of a flower in which female gametophytes are produced is the

ovary

Plant cells that have thin walls and stores starch, oils, and water are

parenchyma cells

The blade of a leaf is connected to the stem by a thin stalk called a

petiole

Division of a plants apical meristem cells produces

primary growth

Transpiration lowers the pressure in the leaf xylem, creating a vacuum that

pulls water upward

Which type of cell is found in the hard or gritty parts of fruit and vegetables

sclerenchyma

The outer layer of a flower is made up of modified leaves that protect the flower. These leaves are called

sepals

Phloem tissue is made up mainly of

sieve tube elements and companion cells

Look at figure 22.1. In what structure are the small grains falling out of the flower produced

the anthers on the stamens

The cohesion tension theory proposes that water rises through the plant because of

the physical properties of water

What makes sclerenchyma cells tough and durable

their second cell wall hardened by lignin

How are parenchyma cells important in healing a plants wounds

they can regenerate throughout the plants life

What happens to the guard cells when a plant is losing water from transpiration faster than it is gaining water at its roots

they deflate and close the stomata.

How do some animal pollinators benefit from helping to pollinate plants

they gain pollen or nectar to eat

A plants ground tissue is found

throughout the plant

Figure 21.1 shows a root tip. What is the function of the cone of cells at the very tip of the root

to protect the growing part of the root

Water vapor escapes from plants by the process of

transpiration

In double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes an egg and other forms a

triploid cell

What does the cuticle protect the plant from

water loss and / prevents water loss from the leaf

Cohesion is a result of hydrogen bonds that form between

water molecules

Water and dissolved minerals are carried from the roots to the rest of the plant by the

xylem

When a sperm of a conifer fertilizes an egg, it forms a(n)

zygote

A mature ovary of a flower is called

A fruit

What happens during germination

An embryo grows into a seedling

Which drawings in figure 21.4 show simple leaves

B and C (teardrop looking)

Which drawing in figure 21.4 shows a leaf with a lobed margin

D (maple leaf looking)

During dormancy, what plant stage is protected from extreme conditions by the seed coat?

The embryo

What is the function of fruit in flowering plants

To help disperse seeds

Most leaves have a broad, flat part called a

blade

Dead parenchyma cells that make up bark form a type of

dermal tissue

When a plant embryo inside a seed has stopped growing, the seed is said to be in a state of

dormancy

Thin leaves such as spines and needles are adaptations to

dry climates

What problem with most plants face if they tried to grow in an aquatic environment

exchanging gases

What are the two basic forms of roots

fibrous roots and taproots

A coconut fruit can function in dispersing coconut seeds by

floating in the water

The seeds of blueberry plants are often dispersed after passing through the digestive system of an animal that eats blueberries. What additional benefit do blueberry seeds experience after being dispersed in this way

having animal feces as fertilizer

What does the pressure flow model explain

how sugars move through a plant