Biology Chapter 21
Where is the vascular cylinder of a root
In the center of the root
Insects captured by predatory plants provide the plant with
Nitrogen
What is the endosperm
a food supply for the developing plant embryo
Flowers pollinated primarily by the wind tend to produce large
amounts of pollen
Burrs are fruits that are usually dispersed by
animals
colorful fragrant flowers are most likely pollinated by
animals
Water loss is not a problem for what group of plants
aquatic plants
Root hairs anchor plants and help them absorb water and minerals by
increasing the roots surface area
Primary growth increases a plants
length
The upper surfaces of leaves are used mainly for
light gathering
Which of these processes requires a plant to use energy
loading sugars into the phloem
In what part of a leaf does most photosynthesis take place?
mesophyll
Where would the small grains falling out of the flower in figure 22.1 need to land for fertilization to take place
on the stigma
Figure 21.2 shows a cross section through a tree. What does each ring represent
one year of growth
The function of guard cells is to
open and close the stomata
In the pressure flow model, sugar is pumped into the phloem, and water flows into the phloem through
osmosis
The part of a flower in which female gametophytes are produced is the
ovary
Plant cells that have thin walls and stores starch, oils, and water are
parenchyma cells
The blade of a leaf is connected to the stem by a thin stalk called a
petiole
Division of a plants apical meristem cells produces
primary growth
Transpiration lowers the pressure in the leaf xylem, creating a vacuum that
pulls water upward
Which type of cell is found in the hard or gritty parts of fruit and vegetables
sclerenchyma
The outer layer of a flower is made up of modified leaves that protect the flower. These leaves are called
sepals
Phloem tissue is made up mainly of
sieve tube elements and companion cells
Look at figure 22.1. In what structure are the small grains falling out of the flower produced
the anthers on the stamens
The cohesion tension theory proposes that water rises through the plant because of
the physical properties of water
What makes sclerenchyma cells tough and durable
their second cell wall hardened by lignin
How are parenchyma cells important in healing a plants wounds
they can regenerate throughout the plants life
What happens to the guard cells when a plant is losing water from transpiration faster than it is gaining water at its roots
they deflate and close the stomata.
How do some animal pollinators benefit from helping to pollinate plants
they gain pollen or nectar to eat
A plants ground tissue is found
throughout the plant
Figure 21.1 shows a root tip. What is the function of the cone of cells at the very tip of the root
to protect the growing part of the root
Water vapor escapes from plants by the process of
transpiration
In double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes an egg and other forms a
triploid cell
What does the cuticle protect the plant from
water loss and / prevents water loss from the leaf
Cohesion is a result of hydrogen bonds that form between
water molecules
Water and dissolved minerals are carried from the roots to the rest of the plant by the
xylem
When a sperm of a conifer fertilizes an egg, it forms a(n)
zygote
A mature ovary of a flower is called
A fruit
What happens during germination
An embryo grows into a seedling
Which drawings in figure 21.4 show simple leaves
B and C (teardrop looking)
Which drawing in figure 21.4 shows a leaf with a lobed margin
D (maple leaf looking)
During dormancy, what plant stage is protected from extreme conditions by the seed coat?
The embryo
What is the function of fruit in flowering plants
To help disperse seeds
Most leaves have a broad, flat part called a
blade
Dead parenchyma cells that make up bark form a type of
dermal tissue
When a plant embryo inside a seed has stopped growing, the seed is said to be in a state of
dormancy
Thin leaves such as spines and needles are adaptations to
dry climates
What problem with most plants face if they tried to grow in an aquatic environment
exchanging gases
What are the two basic forms of roots
fibrous roots and taproots
A coconut fruit can function in dispersing coconut seeds by
floating in the water
The seeds of blueberry plants are often dispersed after passing through the digestive system of an animal that eats blueberries. What additional benefit do blueberry seeds experience after being dispersed in this way
having animal feces as fertilizer
What does the pressure flow model explain
how sugars move through a plant
