biology chapter 8 (test 3)
duplication
A chromosomal segment is repeated in the same chromosome or in a nonhomologous chromosome
cancer
A disorder in the cell cycle that results in uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors.
Nondisjunction
A failure of the tetrads during meiosis I or sister chromatids during meiosis II to properly separate.
tumor
A mass of cells that is growing out of control.
inversion
A segment joins in the direction opposite of normal
Telophase
Chromatids uncoil back into a chromatin state
anaphase
Chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell
Chromosomes
Condensed state of DNA; formed only when cells begin M phase.
centrioles
Cylindrically shaped cell organelles found in animal cells that aid in forming a spindle during mitosis.
S phase
DNA replication phase of interphase.
G2 phase
Final growth and divisional prep phase of interphase.
meiosis 1
Homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
meiosis 1
Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad and cross over.
meiosis 1
Homologous pairs separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
G1 phase
Initial growth phase of interphase that happens immediately after a new cell is formed.
prophase
Nuclear membrane disintegrates
telophase 2
Nuclear membrane reforms around each new nuclei
Deletion
Occurs when a single break causes a chromosome to lose an end piece or when two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal chromosomal segment.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
spindle fibers
Protein fibers that form from centrioles in animals cells and helps to move and separate the sister chromatids.
mitosis
Replicated chromosomes line up at center of the cell
mitosis
Results in 2 diploid cells
Meiosis
Results in 4 haploid cells
meiosis
Results in cells with 23 chromosomes
mitosis
Results in cells with 46 chromosomes
mitosis
Results in cells with identical genetic material
Meiosis
Results in cells with unique combinations of genetic material
metaphase
Sister chromatids align along the center of the cell
prophase
Sister chromatids form
mitosis
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
true
The chances of survival are greater when trisomy or monosomy involves sex chromosomes. true or false
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasmic division portion of M phase.
Translocation
The exchange of chromosomal segments between two nonhomologous chromosomes.
M phase
The final stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides
Interphase
The first and longest part of the cell cycle when the cell grows and replicates its DNA in addition to carrying out normal cell functions.
Metaphase
The last phase that sister chromatids are together
Mitosis
The nuclear division portion of M phase.
cell cycle
The process that somatic cells go through to grow and reproduce.
sister chromatids
The two identical copies of a chromosome that are attached by a centromere.
mitosis
The type of cell division that produces body cells
meiosis
The type of cell division that produces gametes
Chromatin
Threadlike state of DNA; non condensed form found in the nucleus of cells during interphase.
mitosis
Two genetically identical, diploid daughter cells are formed.
meiosis 1
Two genetically non identical, haploid daughter cells are formed.
the cell will undergo uncontrolled cell division
What will likely happen if all cell cycle checkpoints stop working?
to ensure that a cell does not become too large to produce new cells during an organism's growth to replace damaged cells and tissues
Why do cells divide? Select all that apply.
Anaphase
sister chromatids separate
somatic
All the cells that make up an organism except the gametes.
