Biology Exam 2
A protein is to an amino acid
A Starch molecule is to glucose as...
Amino acids
A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of
Carbon and hydrogen atoms
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains
A nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?
Does not have a membrane-bound cell
A prokaryotic cell
Nucleic acid
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is a(n)
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vescile around the red blood cell. this process is called
Phagocytosis
Connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another
Plant cells have plasmodesmata that....
False
Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes
Teh opposite of a turgid plant cells is a
Plasmolyzed lant cell
Transmit information from outside teh cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli
Receptor proteins
Active transport
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. the concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. how could teh cell obtain more calcium
Substrate Y would not be metabolized
The figure below represents a metobolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfuncitonal?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
The four main categories of organic macromolecules are
Cellulose
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
Pass through pores that span both membranes
The nucleus has a double bond membrane that encloses the DNA,. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosome. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must...
Small and hydrophobic
The only molecules that can pass freely through The Plasma Membrane Are The Ones That ARE
Number abd sequence of amino acids
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
Number and sequence of amino acids
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
Create cellular energy
The principle role for sugars in living things is to...
Create cellular energy
The principle rule for sugars in living things is to
React to a certain way with other molecules
The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that
Which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?
They are made of repeated monomer units
In feedback inhibition of a metabolic oathway, where does the inhibitor bind?
To th enzymes of the first reaction
true
True or false In a sickle-cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by oly one mistake for one amino acid in genetic code for hemoglobin
FALSE
True or false The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids
False
True or false? A polypeptide forms a pleated sheet or a helix as it's primary structure
True
True or false? When a Starch is digested, an - OH group and an - H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to si the monosaccharide subunits
-OH
What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?
They possess no double bonds between carbon atom, which makes them more tightly packed together
What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy that unsaturated ones?
True
When Starch is digested, an -OH group and an - H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to split the monosaccharide subunits
Golgi apparatus
Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from teh cell become modified and packaged?
Plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Which feature is founf in all calls?
-COOH
Which functional group acts as an acid whe placed in solution?
Adhesion junctions
Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of teh bladder
Uracil
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA
Cell from the trachea (windpipe)
Which of teh following human cells would contain cilia
Sugar in coffee dissolves
Which of teh following is not an example of osmosis?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi apparatus- plasma membrane
Which of teh following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?
Disorder
Which of teh following terms best describes entropy
Nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA
C, H, O
Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate
Oxygen
Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?
Enzymatic activity
Which of the following is a function of proteins?
Glucose-lysosome
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?
H2CO3
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
Primary structure
Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured
Glycogen forming glucose mole
Which of the following is not a dehydration synthesis reaction
Glycogen forming glucose molecules
Which of the following is not a dehydration synthesis reaction?
Produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell
Which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells
Can enhance the body's production of normal sex hormones
Which of the following is not a potential danger of anabolic steroids?
COCI2
Which of the following is not an organic molecule
Proteins are used to produce DNA
Which of the following is not associated with proteins?
The energy of ball rolling down a hill
Which of the following is not type of potential energy
Amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?
Proteins
Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix
Sucrose
Which word does not belong with the others Muscle Antibodies Sucrose Enzymes Hair
Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product
Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different Enzymes?
Fluids may leak out past teh barrier the junction would create
Without tight junction in certain tissues
Cellulose
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of
Cellulose
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of...
Fats with no double bonds
Atherosclerosis is associated with
Which of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion
Carbon dioxide
Contain DNA
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
DNA is a double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is a single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and te nitrogen-containing base uracil
DNA and RNA differ in that
DNA
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in...
First lawy of thermodynamics
Energy can not be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
seperate teh DNA from other activities Tha occur in the cytoplasm
Eurkaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to
polymer; glucose molecules
Glycogen is a ________________made of many ___________________.
they will not combine with water
How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules
They will not combine with water
How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?
DNA is comprised of double-strand; RNA is a single-strand
How does DNA differ from RNA
Gycogen
Humans excess polysaccharides in the form of
two monomers
Hydrolysis of Sucrose, a disaccharide, results in...
Two monomer
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in...
Shriveled cells and cytoplasm shrinks from cell wall would happen in what environment?
Hypertonic
Hydrophilic
If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as
Monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
In a dehydration reaction, ___________. In order for this to occur water is _____________.
To the enzyme of teh first reaction
In feedback inhibition of a metobolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind
ATP is a good source of energy fro a cell because
It's breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions
Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eurkaryotic cells
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both_____________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, _______________.
They are made of repeated monomers units
Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?
The enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate
Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme
Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration
Oxygen
Cellulose
Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source?
Celluose
Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could, use which of the following as a new food source?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without the loss of usable energy/heat
Second law of thermodynamics
Fructose-polysaccharide
Select the incorrect assosiation Glucose-monosaccharide Cellulose-building block for cell walls in plants Sucrose-table sugar Fructose-a pollysaccharide Starch-a long chain of glucose
Pass through the membrane via protiens
Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to
Monomer
The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called an
Monomer
The basic building block or subunit of may biological molecules is called a(n)
They are made of repeated monomer units
of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?
Starch
plants store their sugar in the form of
They must constantly take in chemical potential energy fro fuel and excrete waste
the second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformation results in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on teh conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?
Bind to signal proteins fro other parts of the body
without receptor proteins, a cells would not be able to
