Biology Exam 2

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A protein is to an amino acid

A Starch molecule is to glucose as...

Amino acids

A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of

Carbon and hydrogen atoms

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

A nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

Does not have a membrane-bound cell

A prokaryotic cell

Nucleic acid

ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is a(n)

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vescile around the red blood cell. this process is called

Phagocytosis

Connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that....

False

Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes

Teh opposite of a turgid plant cells is a

Plasmolyzed lant cell

Transmit information from outside teh cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli

Receptor proteins

Active transport

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. the concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. how could teh cell obtain more calcium

Substrate Y would not be metabolized

The figure below represents a metobolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfuncitonal?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

Cellulose

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

Pass through pores that span both membranes

The nucleus has a double bond membrane that encloses the DNA,. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosome. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must...

Small and hydrophobic

The only molecules that can pass freely through The Plasma Membrane Are The Ones That ARE

Number abd sequence of amino acids

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

Number and sequence of amino acids

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

Create cellular energy

The principle role for sugars in living things is to...

Create cellular energy

The principle rule for sugars in living things is to

React to a certain way with other molecules

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that

Which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

They are made of repeated monomer units

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic oathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

To th enzymes of the first reaction

true

True or false In a sickle-cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by oly one mistake for one amino acid in genetic code for hemoglobin

FALSE

True or false The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids

False

True or false? A polypeptide forms a pleated sheet or a helix as it's primary structure

True

True or false? When a Starch is digested, an - OH group and an - H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to si the monosaccharide subunits

-OH

What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?

They possess no double bonds between carbon atom, which makes them more tightly packed together

What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy that unsaturated ones?

True

When Starch is digested, an -OH group and an - H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to split the monosaccharide subunits

Golgi apparatus

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from teh cell become modified and packaged?

Plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Which feature is founf in all calls?

-COOH

Which functional group acts as an acid whe placed in solution?

Adhesion junctions

Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of teh bladder

Uracil

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA

Cell from the trachea (windpipe)

Which of teh following human cells would contain cilia

Sugar in coffee dissolves

Which of teh following is not an example of osmosis?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi apparatus- plasma membrane

Which of teh following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

Disorder

Which of teh following terms best describes entropy

Nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA

C, H, O

Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate

Oxygen

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

Enzymatic activity

Which of the following is a function of proteins?

Glucose-lysosome

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?

H2CO3

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

Primary structure

Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured

Glycogen forming glucose mole

Which of the following is not a dehydration synthesis reaction

Glycogen forming glucose molecules

Which of the following is not a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell

Which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells

Can enhance the body's production of normal sex hormones

Which of the following is not a potential danger of anabolic steroids?

COCI2

Which of the following is not an organic molecule

Proteins are used to produce DNA

Which of the following is not associated with proteins?

The energy of ball rolling down a hill

Which of the following is not type of potential energy

Amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

Proteins

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix

Sucrose

Which word does not belong with the others Muscle Antibodies Sucrose Enzymes Hair

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different Enzymes?

Fluids may leak out past teh barrier the junction would create

Without tight junction in certain tissues

Cellulose

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

Cellulose

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of...

Fats with no double bonds

Atherosclerosis is associated with

Which of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion

Carbon dioxide

Contain DNA

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

DNA is a double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is a single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and te nitrogen-containing base uracil

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in...

First lawy of thermodynamics

Energy can not be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

seperate teh DNA from other activities Tha occur in the cytoplasm

Eurkaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to

polymer; glucose molecules

Glycogen is a ________________made of many ___________________.

they will not combine with water

How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules

They will not combine with water

How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?

DNA is comprised of double-strand; RNA is a single-strand

How does DNA differ from RNA

Gycogen

Humans excess polysaccharides in the form of

two monomers

Hydrolysis of Sucrose, a disaccharide, results in...

Two monomer

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in...

Shriveled cells and cytoplasm shrinks from cell wall would happen in what environment?

Hypertonic

Hydrophilic

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

Monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed

In a dehydration reaction, ___________. In order for this to occur water is _____________.

To the enzyme of teh first reaction

In feedback inhibition of a metobolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind

ATP is a good source of energy fro a cell because

It's breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions

Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eurkaryotic cells

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both_____________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, _______________.

They are made of repeated monomers units

Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

The enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration

Oxygen

Cellulose

Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source?

Celluose

Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could, use which of the following as a new food source?

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without the loss of usable energy/heat

Second law of thermodynamics

Fructose-polysaccharide

Select the incorrect assosiation Glucose-monosaccharide Cellulose-building block for cell walls in plants Sucrose-table sugar Fructose-a pollysaccharide Starch-a long chain of glucose

Pass through the membrane via protiens

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to

Monomer

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called an

Monomer

The basic building block or subunit of may biological molecules is called a(n)

They are made of repeated monomer units

of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

Starch

plants store their sugar in the form of

They must constantly take in chemical potential energy fro fuel and excrete waste

the second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformation results in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on teh conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?

Bind to signal proteins fro other parts of the body

without receptor proteins, a cells would not be able to


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