Biology Exam: Semester 1

There is strong evidence that two species of cliff-dwelling birds have nested in the same environment and fed in the same water for thousands of years, with each having stable population sizes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is the best conclusion?

The two birds have different ecological niches that allow coexistence

To model a plant cell, a permeable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. The greatest pressure potential will develop within dialysis tube number

4

The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?

5

The mRNA transcribed from the DNA would read

5' AUC AAG UUU GGC GCA UUG UAA 3'

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes

6

Which of the following phylogenetic trees can be supported by the data?

I and II only

Graphs representing enzymes sensitive to changes in pH include which of the following

I, II, and III only

Enzymes with their highest activity at an alkaline (basic) pH are represented by which of the following graphs

II only

Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration?

They accept electrons during oxidationreduction reactions.

Observation of the direction of the nerve impulse supports the conclusion that fiber X is

an axon

DNA replication occurs

during the S phase of the cell cycle

helicase

enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parent strands

Depicts the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction from low substrate concentrations to saturating substrate concentrations

exponential curve goes up

The most likely explanation for the results shown in Graph I is that

pH affects the shape of the active site of the enzyme

Germination would be expected to occur first in which beaker?

1

Comparing results from which of the following pairs of beakers would help determine if enzymes are necessary for germination

1 and 2

An allele on the X chromosome is responsible for the recessive trait of red-green color blindness in humans. The daughter of a woman who is color-blind has normal vision and marries a man who is color-blind. This couple has a son, what is the probability that the son will be color-blind?

1/2

Which of the following statements best explains why oxygen is taken up more rapidly at 12°C than at 20°C?

At 12°C a higher rate of oxygen consumption is required to maintain a high body temperature.

In the pedigree above, circles represent females, squares represent males, and shaded figures represent individuals expressing a specific trait. The expression of this trait is most likely due to which of the following?

Autosomal recessive inheritance

In which of the following would there NOT be a change in the amino acid sequence of the peptide coded for by this DNA

Changing 3' AAA 5' to read 3' AAG 5'

Which of the following modifications of the DNA would produce the greatest change in the primary structure of the polypeptide chain

Deleting the first T in the second triplet

Which of the following statements is true about the neurotransmitter used to transmit the impulse at the synapse

It is released by fiber X when an impulse travels the length of fiber X

Interpretation of the data supports which of the following statements

Mammals are more closely related to reptiles than they are to fish

Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the results of this experiment

Metabolic rate per gram of tissue is higher in smaller mammals

A group of people whose ancestors immigrated to North America 200 years ago have certain allele frequencies that differ significantly from those in surrounding populations in the United States. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the difference in allele frequencies?

Reproductive isolation

Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi body - Secretory vesicles - cell membrane

All offspring from this cross are expected to exhibit both dominant traits

TTRr x TtRR

The experimental design allows testing of which of the following?

The effects of both temperature and oxygen on germination

Which of the following normally leads to the production of functional messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells

The removal of portions of RNA known as intervening sequences (introns)

This cross is an example of a dihybrid cross in which both parents are heterozygous

TtRr x TtRr

Offspring from this cross are expected to exhibit a 3 : 3 : 1 : 1 phenotypic ratio.

TtRr x ttRr

Offspring from this cross are expected to exhibit a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 phenotypic ratio

TtRr x ttrr

When the dorsal lip of the blastopore is removed from one developing embryo and successfully implanted into a different location in a second embryo of the same species at the same developmental stage, which of the following is the most likely result?

Two neural tubes form in the second embryo