Biology II Exam

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When did life first appear on the planet?

3.5 billion years ago

How old is our planet Earth?

4.6 billion years old

The eastern meadowlark and the western meadowlark are two bird species that look very similar to each other. Why do biologists not consider them the same species?

All are correct

Which of the following is evidence for evolution in action?

All are evidence for evolution

Which of the following are considered fossils?

All of the above are considered fossils

Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection?

All of these

What is an adaptation?

All of these are correct

Which of the following are examples of macro-evolution?

All of these are examples of macro-evolution

Which of the following was a scientists around the time of the Charles Darwin?

All of these were scientists

What is the leading hypothesis for what might have brought about the extinction of the dinosaurs?

An asteroid impact

According to this phylogenetic tree, which bear is most closely related to the American Black Bear?

Asiatic Black Bear

According to this phylogenetic tree, which bear is most closely related to the American black bear?

Asiatic Black Bear

What is the name for the study of the geographic distribution of species?

Biogrography

The approach that consists in comparing DNA sequences to find evidence of a shared evolutionary history is called ___.

Bioinformatics

What events can lead to offspring having a unique arrangement of their parents' genes?

Both crossing over

Certain traits will have been lost from the gene pool forever. This loss of diversity in a reduced population is called ___.

Bottleneck effect

Today, we are in the --- geologic era.

Cenozoic

Evolution can be best defined as ___.

Change in the gene pool of a population

Which of the following best defines microevolution?

Changes in genes within a population over time

Which classification grouping includes the greatest number of species?

Domain

Which grouping includes all of the protists?

Domain Eukarya

The four eras each represents an equal time of Earth's history?

False

What term describes the failure of one's species' sperm to fertilize the egg of a different species?

Gametic incompatibility

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur on this small population of humans?

Genetic Drift

The modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s ad 1940s melded together Darwin's findings with ---.

Genetics

What contribution did Charles Lyell make?

He provided the first evidence

What does fitness mean when speaking in terms of evolution?

How many offspring an individual produces

A weed exhibits resistance to an inhicide ___.

Inherited the gene that made it resistant to the herbicide

What defines a population in evolution?

Interbreeding members

What is the fundamental difference between the process of microevolution and macroevolution? Explain your reasoning

Micro-evolution changes with population. Macro-evolution changes within population over time

Can you inherit physical traits that your parents acquired during their lifetime?

No

Which process of evolution does not change the total number of species?

Nonbranching

How can the use of chemical control agents (antibiotics, herbicides, pesticides) lead to their decreased effectiveness? Explain your reasoning

Over time the bacteria evolves and learns how to combat antibiotics, herbicides, pesticides in order for it to grow and survive

All prokaryotes are in the domain ________.

Prokaryotes are in different domains.

If a changing environment increases rates of evolution, why do we see an increase in extinction rates following rapid global catastrophes?

Rapid global catastrophes happen at a quicker pace for the species to adapt, so the extinction rates increase

Which model is evolution closest to what was originally suggested by Charles Darwin?

The graduated model

Which of the following statement is correct regarding the phylogenetic tree above?

The polar bear and brown bear

What is the smallest unit that can evolve?

The population

What is radiometric dating?

The process of determining radioactive isotopes

A zombie apocalypse wipes out almost the entire human species...

The reduced genetic diversity

Based on the following phylogenetic tree, is the sun bear more closely related to the sloth bear or to the brown bear? Explain your reasoning

The sloth bear because its located right above it

Based on the following phylogenetic tree, is the sun bear more closely related to the sloth bear or to the brown bear? Explain your reasoning

The sloth bear because they are closed to each other on the tree

Class Reptilia includes all reptiles...

They share ancestors of the fossil age

What prompted Darwin to publish his book decades after he began writing it?

Wallace, a colleague, was about to publish a similar manuscript

Explain how a complex trait, such as eyes or the ability to fly, can evolve by incremental modifications over time.

can cause species to evolve and expand and it can cause them to survive and reproduce

Natural selection acts on ___, and ___ evolve.

individuals, populations

The oldest fossils are typically found in the sediment ___

located deep under the surface

The rapid diversification of species seen in the fossil record following by long periods of stasis is part of the ___ model of evolution?

punctuated equilibrium

Individuals with variations that make them best suited to their environments are, on average, more likely to ___.

survive and reproduce

If two organisms of different species share more similar DNA sequences with each other than with other species, we can conclude that ________.

these two species are very closely related


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