Biology review (exam 4)
how does the body recognize self cells compared to non self cells
"self" cells are marked by glycoproteins called major-histocompatibility complexes (MHCs)
Which of the following are used to name influenza viruses (according to CDC)
1. strain 2. geographical origin 3. year of isolation
which of the following is a characteristic of all living things
All living things maintain a constant internal enviornment
Three domains of life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
which of the following explains how the flu virus impacts the respiratory system
Decrease in epithelial function leading to fluid build up in the lungs
order used to Classify life
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Influenza A is a DNA virus (True or False)
False
______ viruses are challenging the historical notion that viruses are non-living things due to their large size, large genome, and ability to make certain proteins
Giant
A virus has been partially identified as as Michigan/45/2015(H1N1). Based on this information, to which type of virus would it belong?
Influenza A
What defines a population?
Interbreeding members of the same species in the same area at the same time
whats the difference between the lytic life cycle and the lysogenic life cycle
Lysogenic cycle becomes latent and takes longer whereas the lytic cycle is quicker
what are the four signs of an inflammatory response
Pain swelling redness heat
which of the following statements best describe a virus
RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell
what is the enzyme that allows retroviruses to convert DNA into RNA?
Reverse Transciptase
Structures that have lost all of their original functions are called______ structures
Vestigial
b cells change into plasma cells after encountering an antigen and then produce_______
antibodies
what is the correct sequence of events in the viral life cycle in a prokaryotic host?
attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
Where do B cells develop?
bone marrow
which of the following types of cells would a flu virus most likely target as the means of entry into the body
epithelial cells lining the respiratory system
It stimulates a primary response to the virus so the immune system will recognize subsequent infections
flu vaccine
what provides evidence of evolution
fossil record biogeography comparative anatomy
in which of the following does histamine cause capillary beds to be leaky, thus slowing the movement of pathogens into a wound
inflammatory response
which is not a component of evolution by natural selection
inheritance of acquired characteristics
Some B cells become
memory cells
Antigenic drift in influenza
minor mutations in HA and NA genes, often of a single amino acid; responsible for seasonal influenza; immunity developed from previous year less effective
which of the following are part of the adaptive immunity defenses
t lymphocytes
antigenic shift
the process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.