Biology Study Guide 2 (3/3), Bio quiz 5,6,7,8
pseudopodia
A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.
The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by
Alexander Cairns-Smith.
Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia?
Amoeba proteus
A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into
Archaea and Bacteria.
You find a plant that contains stamens and carpels but no petals and sepals. You can conclude that this "flower" is pollinated how?
By the wind
Which photosynthetic mode would be most favorable in a desert environment?
CAM
________ is a plant hormone that prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth.
Cytokinin
What flower mechanism would not help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species? Select one: a. A pollen tube only grows inside the style of its own species. b. The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen. c. The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species. d. Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers. e. Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.
Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.
________ is the plant hormone that could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production.
Gibberellins
Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the components of what type of plant tissue? ________________________________________
Ground tissue
Cabbage, spinach, and lettuce all come from which part of the plant?
Leaves
_______________________ is the component of sclerenchyma cells that make them tough and hard.
Lignin
The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the Select one: a. methanogens. b. lichens. c. halophiles. d. thermoacidophiles. e. prokaryotes.
Linchens ARE NOT ARCHAEA
What is the role of mycorrhizae?
Mycorrhizae improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.
Archaea
One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.
_________ account for the attractiveness of a flower that helps enhance its reproductive opportunity.
Petals
_________________________ is the pathway that is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth.
Photosynthesis
Monocotyledon
Plant whose seed does not break into two parts
_________________ increase the surface area of roots available for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Root hairs
An example of a filamentous green alga is
Spirogyra
Which events and features are correctly associated with the roots during the pressure-flow model of phloem transport? Select one: a. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. b. Sugars are stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. c. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. d. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by diffusion and returns to the phloem. e. Sugar is stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.
Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.
Which structure of the developing eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified? Select one: a. The radicle is the embryonic root. b. A cotyledon is a seed leaf. c. The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo. d. The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons. e. The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.
The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo.
While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?
The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture? Select one: a. Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease. b. Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties. c. New plant varieties can be formed by using somatic embryos. d. The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world. e. Engineered plants are resistant to herbicides and disease.
The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.
_________ is the loss of water from a leaf by evaporation.
Transpiration
(True or False) Plant hormones are organic molecules produced by the plant.
True
(True or False) The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land.
True
For water transport to occur there must be
a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.
For water transport to occur there must be:
a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.
If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between humans, gorillas, tigers, lizards, and sharks, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait? a. presence of a jaw b. presence of hair c. give birth to live young d. lay eggs e. production of milk to nourish their young
a. presence of a jaw
Xylem tissue contains Select one: a. vessel elements and tracheids. b. sieve-tube members and companion cells. c. apical meristem. d. epidermis and ground tissue. e. parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.
a. vessel elements and tracheids.
What plant hormone acts as an inhibitor of growth and maintain dormancy? _______________
abscisic acid
Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy? Select one: a. auxin b. indoleacetic acid c. gibberellin d. cytokinin e. abscisic acid
abscisic acid
What are the major functions of roots?
absorb water, anchor and support plant, absorb minerals, product hormones
Foraminiferans
aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell
From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants Select one: a. flower when the night is shorter than a critical length. b. flower when the night is longer than a critical length. c. are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering. d. have short stems or long stems, depending on the photoperiod. e. have flowers that only open during the daytime.
are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.
Phylogenetics uses evolutionary trees called cladograms to arrange species into clades, or related groups, showing all of the descendents of a common ancestor. The branches of the tree are based on all but which of the following? a. shared derived characteristics b. convergent evolution c. homologous structures d. morphological data e. DNA sequences
b. convergent evolution
Beans, peas, and other legumes have root nodules that are caused by _______ and have a role of ____________________________
bacteria, taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen
The observation by ________ that human reproductive potential would rapidly outstrip available food and living space was an important concept adopted by Darwin in formulating his theory of natural selection. Select one: a. Stanley Miller b. Graham Cairns-Smith c. Thomas Malthus d. Aleksandr Oparin e. Sidney Fox
c. Thomas Malthus
Which of these associations is NOT correct? Select one: a. plumule—leaves b. radicle—roots c. seed coat—ovary wall d. cotyledons—stored food e. hypocotyl—stem
c. seed coat—ovary wall
When you have waxed you car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as __________.
cohesion
When you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as Select one: a. adhesion. b. turgor pressure. c. cohesion. d. transpiration. e. negative pressure potential
cohesion
The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the Select one: a. cotyledon. b. coleoptile. c. plumule. d. radicle. e. epicotyl.
coleoptile
Which of the following is not a part of a developing eudicot embryo? Select one: a. epicotyl b. hypocotyl c. cotyledon d. radicle e. coleoptile
coleoptile
The fibers that stick between your teeth when you eat celery are ___________.
collenchyma
Which cell found in phloem tissue contains a nucleus?
companion cell
Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth? Select one: a. indoleacetic acid b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethylene
cytokinin
Transitional forms are seen in the fossil record that link all of these groups EXCEPT Select one: a. reptiles and birds. b. amphibians and reptiles. c. fish and amphibians. d. birds and mammals. e. reptiles and mammals.
d. birds and mammals.
Compound fruits Select one: a. include legumes like peas and beans. b. are derived from a simple ovary of a single carpel. c. develop from several individual ovaries. d. include peaches, tomatoes, and cherries. e. develop from a compound ovary of several fused carpels.
develop from several individual ovaries.
After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called _________.
dormancy
Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces Select one: a. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. b. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. c. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. d. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
Which of the following is not one of the zones found in a growing root? Select one: a. epidermis b. elongation c. cell division d. maturation e. None of the answer choices is found in growing roots.
epidermis
Which plant hormone is used by the industry to cause fruits to drop from the tree?
ethylene
The deposits of chalky fossils that build the White Cliffs of Dover were produced by
foraminiferans
Structures in plants that produce the gametes are called
gametophyte
Stomata allow for the exchange of ____.
gas
Which of the following types of plants will produce a naked seed?
gymnosperms
Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called?
haustoria
A leafy plant with no true roots, no stem, and rhizoids that grow into the soil from the leaf-like structure is a
liverwort
Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?
long-day
What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?
microevolution
The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags". When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a _______________.
monocotyledon
The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a
monocotyledon
The roots of many plants have a relationship with fungi called ______________.
mycorrhizae
To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent, it is necessary
not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions AND to be able to kill a bacterial cell only
Sac fungi take their name from the shape
of the sexual reproductive structure that produces the spores
Name something that is NOT a fruit?
onion
Which of the following is NOT a fruit? Select one: a. corn kernel b. peas and beans c. tomato d. cucumber e. onion
onion
Fertilization of a flowering plant occurs in the _______.
ovule
Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?
oxygen
What is an example of a monocot?
palm trees
What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities? Select one: a. petals b. sepals c. carpels d. stamens e. ovaries
petals
The stalk that attaches a blade leaf to a stem is a/an ______________________.
petiole
Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by _____________.
phloem
Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the Select one: a. xylem. b. phloem. c. epidermis. d. trichomes. e. procambium.
phloem
Which modern technology is not used in the creation of transgenic plants?
plant hybridization
The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the _________
pollen grain
What is the correct order of plant growth? (like pollination and germination)
pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination
The gametophyte of mosses has two stages. During the first stage, there is a branching of filament cells called the
protonema
The function of the endosperm is to _____________________.
provide nutrients to the embryo
Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant? Select one: a. root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves b. root hairs → pith → endodermis → xylem → leaves c. epidermis → cortex → phloem → root d. epidermis → pericycle → cortex → xylem → leaves e. root hairs → endodermis → leaves → xylem → pith
root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves
A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?
root tips
A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin? Select one: a. bark b. pith c. root tips d. spongy mesophyll e. xylem
root tips
Wood is composed of _______________.
secondary xylem
Compound fruits develop from ________________________.
several individual ovaries
Bacteria contain a ______ DNA molecule
single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.
The pollen grain contains the _________
sperm
Spores are produced in the ____ of a fern.
sporangium, often found on the underside of a leaf
Which of the following is not part of a flower? Select one: a. stem b. sepal c. petal d. stamen e. carpel
stem
Lichens are
symbiotic association of algae and fungi
The function of meristematic tissue is ________________________________.
the production of new tissues
Both land plants and algae use starch as a storage medium and cellulose in their cell walls. The best conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that
they both produce glucose since this is the molecule that both starch and cellulose are made from
(True or False) Both plants and animals have organs?
true
Which features set most of the members of protista apart from the rest of the kingdoms
unicellular and microscopic
The meristematic tissue used for secondary growth that is found between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle in eudicot stems is termed the Select one: a. apical meristem. b. root meristem. c. cork cambium. d. vascular cambium. e. pericycle.
vascular cambium
The leaf _____ is the vascular tissue of the leaf.
vein
Xylem tissues contain ___________ and _________
vessel elements, tracheids
Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are termed
vestigial
Plant vascular tissue contains _____________________ and ______________________.
xylem, phloem
A fungal structure that results when haploid nuclei fuse during sexual reproduction and can survive unfavorable growing conditions is the
zygospore