Living with Art Chapter 13

groin vault

A __________, such as shown in this illustration, results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles

a hypostyle hall

A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called _____

corbelled domes

As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged

Cement Gravel Water

Concrete is composed of

cast iron

During the mid 19th century the experimental use of ________ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system

tensile structures

Fabric structures are also known as

flying

Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ____________ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches

architrave

In Greek temple design, the __________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze

The frieze

In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?

Frieze Cornice Architrave

In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?

contained in more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible

In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is ______________

bay

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a _______

pushed, pulled

In architecture an element in compression is being __________, and element in tension is being ____________

A is a post and B is a lintel

In this illustration, what are A and B?

embellishes modern construction with classical decorative details is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction

Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building ________

geodesic dome

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the _________

shell

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the _________ structural system

bridges

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of ______

Industrial

The ____________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine

an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

The advantages of reinforced-concrete construction include __________

is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture

The construction of the Eiffel Tower ________________

coffering

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as __________

supports the downward and outward thrust of

The keystone, as shown in this illustration, _________ a rounded arch

create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

The purpose of green architecture is to _____________

Eiffel Tower

The skeleton of the ______________ ________________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments

Ionic

This image of a classical Greek capital demonstrates the characteristics of the ___________ architectural order

barrel vault

This image represents a ____________ or an arch extended in depth

steel-frame

Used in building skyscrapers, ___________ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone

Stone Wood

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?

Indian

What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

What elements are associated with Romanesque style?

Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?

Buttresses

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

weight; tensile strength

When deciding on the structural system for a building, ____ and _____ are the first considerations

Ancient Egypt

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?

Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms

Which elements characterize International skyscrapers?

Flying buttresses Rose windows Pointed arches

Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?

Mass-produced nails Improved milling lumber techniques

Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

Stacking

Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system?

Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks

Which type of materials are suitable in the construction of load bearing architecture?

steel-frame

_________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques

Adobe

____________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material

Geodesic Domes

______________ _____________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated module, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction

Pointed arches

_______________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base