Living with Art Chapter 13
groin vault
A __________, such as shown in this illustration, results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles
a hypostyle hall
A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called _____
corbelled domes
As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged
Cement Gravel Water
Concrete is composed of
cast iron
During the mid 19th century the experimental use of ________ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system
tensile structures
Fabric structures are also known as
flying
Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ____________ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches
architrave
In Greek temple design, the __________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze
The frieze
In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?
Frieze Cornice Architrave
In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?
contained in more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible
In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is ______________
bay
In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a _______
pushed, pulled
In architecture an element in compression is being __________, and element in tension is being ____________
A is a post and B is a lintel
In this illustration, what are A and B?
embellishes modern construction with classical decorative details is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction
Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building ________
geodesic dome
R. Buckminster Fuller developed the _________
shell
Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the _________ structural system
bridges
Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of ______
Industrial
The ____________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine
an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form
The advantages of reinforced-concrete construction include __________
is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture
The construction of the Eiffel Tower ________________
coffering
The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as __________
supports the downward and outward thrust of
The keystone, as shown in this illustration, _________ a rounded arch
create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
The purpose of green architecture is to _____________
Eiffel Tower
The skeleton of the ______________ ________________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments
Ionic
This image of a classical Greek capital demonstrates the characteristics of the ___________ architectural order
barrel vault
This image represents a ____________ or an arch extended in depth
steel-frame
Used in building skyscrapers, ___________ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone
Stone Wood
What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?
Indian
What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?
Groin vaults Barrel vaults
What elements are associated with Romanesque style?
Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces
What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?
Buttresses
What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?
weight; tensile strength
When deciding on the structural system for a building, ____ and _____ are the first considerations
Ancient Egypt
Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?
Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms
Which elements characterize International skyscrapers?
Flying buttresses Rose windows Pointed arches
Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?
Mass-produced nails Improved milling lumber techniques
Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
Stacking
Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system?
Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks
Which type of materials are suitable in the construction of load bearing architecture?
steel-frame
_________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques
Adobe
____________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material
Geodesic Domes
______________ _____________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated module, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction
Pointed arches
_______________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base