Biology Unit 2
DNA "rung"
Paired set
complex sugars
Polysaccharides
polymerization
Synthesis
nucleic acids
"Blueprint" molecules
2 1 3 4
1. the smallest complete unit of a compound or diatomic gas compound 2. a new substance formed by the combination of two or more different atoms molecule 3. area that electrons are found around an atomic nucleus energy level 4. a substance consisting of only one type of atom element
carbohydrates, lipid, protein and Nucleic Acid
4 major compounds that makes up organisms
proton
Atomic mass is determined by the number of neutrons plus
neutral
Atoms are electrically .......because they have the same number of protons and electrons.
sugar, glucose
CHO is a particular ______ and is named _______
Plants
Carbohydrates are produced redily by
energy
Carbon is important to life because carbon compounds break down easily and liberate ______
4
Carbon lacks ___ electrons in its outer shell
double- stranded
DNA
ladder
DNA has a structure similar to a __________
ionic bonding
Electron exchange
Proteins
Enzyme, antibody, hormone, and muscle are roles played as ________
complex
Polysaccharides are ______ sugars
most highly concentrated energy source
Fats
polymerization
Hydrolysis
5,000.
In a protein molecule, the number of amino acid molecules may be as many as ________
Genetic code, DNA, RNA
Kinds of Nucleic Acids
carohydrates, polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids
Large organic which are synthesized from multiple identicle subunits are
element
Lavoisier proposed that all matter is composed from the same ____
Carbohydrates
Lipids are chemically most similar to
Carbohydrates= starches and sugars Lipids and Proteins= fats, steroids and phospholipids and Nucleic Acids= DNA and RNA
Major subdivisions for each of the four types of compounds within living organisms
diatomic
Many gases exist as .......molecules of an element.
simple sugars
Monosaccharides
nucleus
Most of the mass of an atom is contained in its _____.
f
Of the known elements only about ten are needed by living things.
starch
Organic compounds consisting of polymers of sugar are
electron
The _____ carries a negative charge in the atom.
proton
The _____ carries a positive charge in the atom.
neutron
The _____ carries no electrical charge in the atom.
element
The number of protons in an atom determines the
Hemoglobin
The oxygen carrier in the blood is
nitrogen
The principal elements found in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
polymerization
The synthesis of giant molecules from componets of repeating units
lipids, carbohydrates
______ are composed of the same basic elements as _____________
Phospholipids
_____________________ are more simular to fats
peptide
bonds between amino acids are _______ bonds
hydrolysis
carbohyfrates are converted to energy by the proces of
organic Compounds
carbon is imortant to life because it is capable of forming many ______ with specialized tasks
hormones
chemical regulators of specific body functions
covalent bonding
electron sharing
lamp oil, insulation against cold, fatty acids, steroids, most highly concentrated energy, fats, steoroids
kinds of Lipids
sugar, the most readily avalible energy, starches and saccharides
kinds of carbohydrates
not
lipids are ___ water- soluble
sharing
many elements bond to carbon by ____ electrons
Enzymes and antibodies
proteins acts as
DNA " Upright"
sugar and phosphate
Phosphate
the DNA basses are attached to the _______________ part of the structure
Ladder
the bases of DNA connects the double chain of DNA like a step
hydrolysis
the breakdown of large covalent molecules with the addition of water and the liberation of energy
Amino Acids
the building blocks of protein are
Nucleic Acids
the largest molecules in organisms are
peptide
the largest molecules in organisms are ______ bonds
vegetables
the most abundant source of Carbohydrates are
meat and cheeses
the most abundant sources of proteins are derived from
hydrogen and oxygen
the most common elements which bond to carbon are
antibodies
the natural chemicals which defend the body against disease- causing organisms
order
the physical properties of a protein are highly sensitive to the _____ in which the amino acids are linked
are usually ions of the origional elements
when compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose, the products