Biology Unit 2

DNA "rung"

Paired set

complex sugars

Polysaccharides

polymerization

Synthesis

nucleic acids

"Blueprint" molecules

2 1 3 4

1. the smallest complete unit of a compound or diatomic gas compound 2. a new substance formed by the combination of two or more different atoms molecule 3. area that electrons are found around an atomic nucleus energy level 4. a substance consisting of only one type of atom element

carbohydrates, lipid, protein and Nucleic Acid

4 major compounds that makes up organisms

proton

Atomic mass is determined by the number of neutrons plus

neutral

Atoms are electrically .......because they have the same number of protons and electrons.

sugar, glucose

CHO is a particular ______ and is named _______

Plants

Carbohydrates are produced redily by

energy

Carbon is important to life because carbon compounds break down easily and liberate ______

4

Carbon lacks ___ electrons in its outer shell

double- stranded

DNA

ladder

DNA has a structure similar to a __________

ionic bonding

Electron exchange

Proteins

Enzyme, antibody, hormone, and muscle are roles played as ________

complex

Polysaccharides are ______ sugars

most highly concentrated energy source

Fats

polymerization

Hydrolysis

5,000.

In a protein molecule, the number of amino acid molecules may be as many as ________

Genetic code, DNA, RNA

Kinds of Nucleic Acids

carohydrates, polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids

Large organic which are synthesized from multiple identicle subunits are

element

Lavoisier proposed that all matter is composed from the same ____

Carbohydrates

Lipids are chemically most similar to

Carbohydrates= starches and sugars Lipids and Proteins= fats, steroids and phospholipids and Nucleic Acids= DNA and RNA

Major subdivisions for each of the four types of compounds within living organisms

diatomic

Many gases exist as .......molecules of an element.

simple sugars

Monosaccharides

nucleus

Most of the mass of an atom is contained in its _____.

f

Of the known elements only about ten are needed by living things.

starch

Organic compounds consisting of polymers of sugar are

electron

The _____ carries a negative charge in the atom.

proton

The _____ carries a positive charge in the atom.

neutron

The _____ carries no electrical charge in the atom.

element

The number of protons in an atom determines the

Hemoglobin

The oxygen carrier in the blood is

nitrogen

The principal elements found in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and

polymerization

The synthesis of giant molecules from componets of repeating units

lipids, carbohydrates

______ are composed of the same basic elements as _____________

Phospholipids

_____________________ are more simular to fats

peptide

bonds between amino acids are _______ bonds

hydrolysis

carbohyfrates are converted to energy by the proces of

organic Compounds

carbon is imortant to life because it is capable of forming many ______ with specialized tasks

hormones

chemical regulators of specific body functions

covalent bonding

electron sharing

lamp oil, insulation against cold, fatty acids, steroids, most highly concentrated energy, fats, steoroids

kinds of Lipids

sugar, the most readily avalible energy, starches and saccharides

kinds of carbohydrates

not

lipids are ___ water- soluble

sharing

many elements bond to carbon by ____ electrons

Enzymes and antibodies

proteins acts as

DNA " Upright"

sugar and phosphate

Phosphate

the DNA basses are attached to the _______________ part of the structure

Ladder

the bases of DNA connects the double chain of DNA like a step

hydrolysis

the breakdown of large covalent molecules with the addition of water and the liberation of energy

Amino Acids

the building blocks of protein are

Nucleic Acids

the largest molecules in organisms are

peptide

the largest molecules in organisms are ______ bonds

vegetables

the most abundant source of Carbohydrates are

meat and cheeses

the most abundant sources of proteins are derived from

hydrogen and oxygen

the most common elements which bond to carbon are

antibodies

the natural chemicals which defend the body against disease- causing organisms

order

the physical properties of a protein are highly sensitive to the _____ in which the amino acids are linked

are usually ions of the origional elements

when compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose, the products