Black Music
Of all the music videos from today's lesson, which one BEST shows Jackson and his music as a strategically constructed, intentionally globalized, internationally appealing phenomenon?
"Black or White"
Which of the following was NOT a hit single for Prince?
"Feel Up"
Which of the following songs by Meshell Ndegeocello BEST illustrates the trait of "feminine masculinity" that Richardson attributes to the artist?
"Make Me Wanna Holler"
The conflict between James Brown's personal politics and the aesthetic politics of his music is best understood as a difference between
Brown as a person and his artistic persona
The innovative saxophonist who got his start with the Jay McShann Orchestra and went on to become one of the definitive musical voices of the bebop era was
Charlie Parker
Due to the lack of sales from albums of mainstream pop, jazz, and Broadway tunes they asked her to cover, this major recording label terminated Aretha Franklin's contract the year before she signed a hugely successful contract with the independent label, Atlantic Records.
Colombia
What is the song form of "Hound Dog"?
12-Bar Blues
Which music genre was NOT considered an important stylistic influence on Ray Charles's early soul music?
Bluegrass
What is the title of the influential book written by Leroi Jones/Amiri Baraka that served as an archetype for Afro-centric criticism that preferenced the ideals and traditions of black art?
Blues People
One main critique of the 1960s space race by artists like George Clinton and Gil Scott-Heron was that there ought to have been
more attention to paid to black terrestrial spaces, such as inner cities
What is term used to describe a song that garnered success in multiple markets and Billboard music charts?
Crossover
Another name for "android," this term has been popularized in academic thinking by the theorist Donna Haraway as a figure that offers powerful critiques of normative constructions of "the human."
Cyborg
The merging of electronic music (such as synthesizers and tape loops) and Donna Summer's eroticized vocal style have led some to characterize her as this type of post-human figure, interpreted by feminist scholars as a critique of phallocentric understandings of female sexuality and the woman as a passive object of sexual desire.
Cyborg
What vocal pop music genre that drew heavily from folk and sacred black music traditions served as the foundation of Berry Gordy's Motown Sound?
Doo Wop
Which of the following was NOT discussed in today's lesson as a historical precedent of rap music?
Doo Wop Vocal Groups
In contrast to the promise of a community based on the ideals of the Woodstock festival, the focus on the negative aspects of black life in the "real world" at Wattstax could be describes as a/an
Dystopia
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the diverse cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism of New Orleans at the turn of the 20th century?
Episcopal missionaries
"Big Mama" Thornton was vindicated later in life when she successfully sued the Elvis Presley estate for royalties related to all Presley's performances of "Hound Dog."
False
Artists' promotional endorsements of commercial products, such as Michael Jackson's campaign with Pepsi or Whitney Houston's with Scope, had no impact on their music and just served to enhance their star power among mainstream audiences.
False
As the Garofalo reading shows, the advent of rock 'n' roll created more opportunities for black artists not only in music performance but also in musical production and business.
False
Because of developing technologies and changing audience interests, the transition from record star to feature film star was an easy one for all of the 1920s blues divas mentioned in Carby's article.
False
Because of their connection to the Black Arts Movement, avant-garde jazz musicians enjoyed frequent performance and recording opportunities with mainstream venues and labels.
False
Because the genre focused more on the individual musician, once the blues became popular in the early 20th century, the traditional call-and-response aspect of black music was lost.
False
Berry Gordy Jr. got his inspiration for adapting the assembly line production model to the music industry from his father's decades of work for Ford Motor Company.
False
In their efforts to constantly innovate, perform original music, and protest the mainstream music industry, bebop jazz musicians refused to perform any popular songs from Broadway or earlier eras.
False
Like George Clinton, Janelle Monae preserves autonomous control over her music by not participating in the mainstream music and pop culture industries.
False
Musicians who are performing improvised music follow no specific plan, each making up their own parts as they go with no regards what others might be playing.
False
Not only was Scott Joplin one of the first African American composers to receive royalties from sheet music sales, but he also was the first to have an opera successfully staged during his lifetime at Carnegie Hall in New York City.
False
Progressive DJs and promoters in the Detroit Underground scene resigned themselves to using abandoned warehouses as performance spaces because they accepted the notion of Detroit as a post-industrial, dystopic wasteland whose better days were behind them.
False
Ray Charles's music was so popular that black church and conservative leaders backed down from their threats to boycott his music, for fear of backlash from their communities.
False
That the Jackson 5 chose to style their hair in Afros signaled an important moment in mainstream acceptance and promotion of black nationalist politics.
False
The idea of the "black fantastic" refers only to the imaginative critiques by black artists during the 1960s space race between the United States and the U.S.S.R.
False
Which of the following was NOT a part of Luther Vandross's performance of "A House Is Not a Home"?
Falsetto
What is the name of the concept that describes social expectations about the ways in which gender (masculinity or femininity) should be expressed through action, dress, comportment, etc.?
Gender Normativity
Which male artist was NOT associated with Grace Jones?
Giorgio Moroder
Rap music is derived from which element of hip hop culture?
MC'ing
Which of the following artists is NOT associated with the neo-soul genre?
Manu Dibango
The unsung progenitor of bebop music who held late-night tutoring sessions in harmony for young, aspiring jazz musicians was
Mary Lou Williams
The tape loops and repetitions included in Summer and Moroder's "I Feel Love" share an aesthetic with this movement in contemporary avant-garde classical music, in particular the work of the U.S. composer Steve Reich
Minimalism
Where was the first U.S. performance of the Jimi Hendrix Experience?
Monterey Pop Festival
Rather than playlists based on industry categories or artists, the Electrifying Mojo radio program featured a highly diverse, multi-genre format structured in what DJ Charles Johnson called
Moodmats
Which of the following is NOT a reason why "The APL Song" and "Bebot" have been excluded from discussions of the Black Eyed Peas's mainstream work?
Multiculturalism
Which artist's song "#JAN25" encapsulated the connections between global hip hop culture, social protest, and the Arab Spring?
Omar Offendum
Who is the vocalist whose early career was launched by recording pop arrangements of R&B and rock 'n' roll records intended for mainstream, white, and more conservative audiences?
Pat Boone
Which of the following was NOT have associated with the ring shout tradition?
Piano Accompaniment
The process by which recorded tracks are manipulated, mixed, and mastered into a final product to be released to the public is called
Post-Production
Which of the following was NOT one of the ways in which Ellington acquired the "genius" persona?
Presidential decree after his State Department tours
What metric was used as the key means for measuring the success of popular music during the ragtime era?
Sheet Music Sales
These performances near vaudeville and circus mainstage shows catered to segregated, black audiences
Side Shows
Which songwriting team did NOT work for Motown Records?
Sissle and Blake
What phrase does Raphael Raphael use to describe the accumulation of ideas, interpretations, and cultural capital around a famous person's image and identity?
Star Text
What is the term for short, punctuated instrument accompaniment, usually played on the first beat of the measure, and included for variety in an arrangement, such as on Ray Charles's "I Got a Woman"?
Stop Time
Which phrase best describes the concept of collective identity when a group sets aside/excludes specific aspects of their identity in favor of a more generalized sense of community in order to advance a socio-political agenda?
Strategic Essentialism
With what Memphis-based independent label did Elvis Presley get his start?
Sun Records
The Wattstax Festival was a fundraising concert that also sought to commemorate which historical event?
The 1965 Watts Riots
Which of the following is NOT a historically related antecedent (precedent) for Wondaland Arts Society?
The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra
What was the name of the backing instrumental ensemble for nearly all of the Motown tracks?
The Funk Brothers
What was the name of the 1927 movie in which AL Jolson starred, performing the first ever musical numbers recorded on feature film, while appearing in Blackface?
The Jazz Singer
Historiography refers to
The study of the factors that influence the writing of history
Southwestern jazz musicians took advantage of the stereotypes and images of the "Wild West frontier" to carve out regional and individual identities that distinguished them from their more famous and more urban counterparts on the East Coast.
True
Though they are alien to the origins of U.S. hip hop culture, Apl's use of the Tagalog language, Filipino history, and commentary on the Filipino-American diasporic experience are all ways in which he establishes his authenticity and credibility ("street cred") as a hip hop artist.
True
T.D Rice, the minstresly performer who created the "Jim Crow" character type, ended his career performing the role of this iconic character from a mid 19th-century anti-slavery novel.
Uncle Tom
Which writer espoused the concept of "double consciousness" as a way of describing the unique vantage point on themselves and U.S society which African Americans were endowed because of their identities as U.S citizens excluded from mainstream, white, dominant culture
W.E.B DuBois
Which of the following was NOT one of George Clinton's character personae?
Ziggy Stardust
The term "contrafact" refers to
a composition that reuses the harmonies (chords) from an existing song with a new melody
Which of the following did Fila-Bakabadio identify as a key factor in how post-1990s neo-soul differed from 1960s soul music in the U.S.?
a focus on personal connections and histories with the African Diaspora
Of the phrases below, which one BEST approximates the meaning of Richard Iton's idea of the "black fantastic"?
a framework for understanding how black artists & intellectuals have creatively used their sense of "not belonging" to critique the aspects of mainstream society from which they've been exclused.
"The Million Dollar Quartet," which included Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis, were
a group of white rockabilly artists who helped bring Sun Records to national prominence
The derogatory moniker "Whitey Whitney," mentioned in the Shelton article, was aimed at Whitney Houston by certain members of the black community because of her...
mainstream artistic success among affluent, white audiences
Even though many independent and smaller recording labels had been bought up or forced out of business by the early 1980s, the more specialized music for smaller markets and targeted demographics continued was still produced through...
major labels' recording divisions
While "four on the floor" describes playing accents on all four beats of a song with a 4-beat time signature (such as bebop's "walking bass"), "back beat" refers to playing on accents on which beats of a song with a 4-beat time signature?
the 2nd and 4th
Which of the following statements about the T.O.B.A. circuit is NOT true?
the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles was the western hub of the circuit
What facilitated the rapid rise of pirating, or illegal copying and distribution of music, that contributed to the downturn in music industry profits in the early 1980s?
the cassette recording and commercial availability of tape player/recorders
Which of the following BEST describes Jackson's strategic use of artist collaboration in producing Thriller as an album that appealed to many, different audiences?
the duets with Paul McCartney and Eddie Van Halen
One way in which black female vocalists used their music to denaturalize audiences' and industry stereotypes about their sexuality was
the inclusion of synthesizers and electronic processing of their voices
Why is the song "Lady Marmalade" considered an expression of liberatory sexual politics?
the prostitute character is an empowered participant in the sexual encounter
One of the main reasons why Arnold suggests that music festivals promoting ideals of black culture are unsuccessful is
the utopian ideals of festival culture are predicated on privileged white notions of multiculturalism and progress
According to Francois, one of the main reasons why the falsetto voice was so appealing during the disco craze to members of disaffected and marginalized communities was that the falseness of the musician's voice resonated with
their feelings of being misled about or passed over for social progress and uplift
Afro-Modernism refers to an ideological perspective that
uses pre-existing materials/conditions in unique ways to critique mainstream culture
The primary inspiration for the cakewalk was
white aristocratic society's dance trends
The study of the writing of history (methods, biases, canons, etc.) is known as
historiography
Of the phrases below, which one BEST describes the aesthetic philosophy of Sun Ra's performances?
large ensemble jazz that incorporates the styles and subgenres of the first 50 years of U.S. jazz
This German group recorded electronic music in the late 1960s and early 1970s that proved highly influential in the progressive Detroit underground and paved the way for the success of those DJs in Europe.
Kraftwerk
Harry Burleigh's adaptation of the spiritual to concert repertoire for solo voice and piano accompaniment is an example of adaptation known as?
Acculturation
Which of the following has NOT been an important element of Afrofuturism?
Afro-diasporic religion and worship practices
Who coined the phrase "rock 'n' roll"?
Alan Freed
The Belleville Three - and many of their similarly minded contemporaries - adopted the aesthetic politics and philosophies of "techno rebels," based on the work of this futurist author.
Alvin Toffler
Janelle Monae's choice to perform and appear in men's suits and evening gowns is an expression of
Androgyny
"Jive Talking," a song by the Bee Gees in which they drew heavily on black musical styles without reference to the style's history or context, is an example of the practice of cultural borrowing called
Appropriation
Which was NOT a "strategy of differentiation" that bebop-era African Americans used to distinguish themselves from mainstream, white society?
conscientious objection to fighting in World War II
The musical concept of polyphony refers to
At least two instruments playing different melodies simultaneously
Though this form of worship illustrates elements of Western musicality, mainstream Muslims do not consider it music at all and completely separate from their musical culture.
Azaan
Which of the following artists did NOT perform at Wattstax?
B.B. King
Which composer and arranger was Ellington's long-time collaborator?
Billy Strayhorn
Which of the following was NOT part of Cotton Club shows during the Jazz Era?
Billy Strayhorn's compositions
The process by which an object or person is turned into an obsessively or intensely desired commodity is called
Fetishization
Which of the following was a pioneer a capella ensemble of African American vocalists that traveled the United States performing concerts of spirituals, contemporary popular music, and patriotic anthems.
Fisk Jubilee Singers
Which of the following big band leaders continued his career as an arranger for "The King of Swing"?
Fletcher Henderson
The popular dance that accompanied big band music during the Swing Era was known as the
Jitterbug
Stapleton compares rap artists to these storytellers who preserve oral history and sing songs of protest and social commentary.
Griots
Which of the following was NOT a tenet of the Flower Power Movement?
Hacktivism
Which Parliament song demonstrates conservative, heteronormative gender dynamics that seemingly contradict its otherwise subversive and liberatory music?
Handcuffs
The author Nicholas Baham praised Esperanze Spalding for her performance of "Espera" at the 2009 Ceremony for Barack Obama's Noble Peace Prize because?
Her performance demonstrated the power of music to make critical socio-political commentary.
Which of the following reasons is NOT included in Baham's list of why Esperanza Spalding is "an avatar of the new and re-contextualized jazz music"?
Her winning Grammy awards has propelled her to a level of public visibility and commercial success never before achieved by a jazz artist
Which of the following was NOT a concept that Fila-Bakabadio used to describe neo-soul?
Heterophony
Atlantic, King, and Sun are all examples of
Independent Record Labels
What is the concept that Kimberle Crenshaw created to better understand how identities are articulated in multiple ways, such as gender, race, economic class, etc.?
Intersectionality
The term for a vocal technique in which multiple notes are sung over a single syllable of text is
Melisma
Which of the following was not one of the strategies enslaved African Americans used to secretly resist acculturation and stage protest through music?
Reeling their life stories and perspectives with biblical stories and characters
Which of the following 19th-century fields was NOT discussed as an authoritative field used to support theories and beliefs about the biological difference between AND inherent inequality of white and black races.
Religion (Calvinism)
Which rap group scored a multi-platinum album and an endorsement deal with Adidas in 1986, marking a key turning point in hip hop's acceptance into mainstream popular culture?
Run D.M.C.
Although not as well-known as Scott Joplin, this ragtime pianist—who ran the famous Rosebud Café in St. Louis--was known as a more gifted performer than Joplin and published a ragtime composition ("Harlem Rag") before Joplin's first ("Maple Leaf Rag").
Tom Turpin
What term best describes the process by which Apl and Native Deen incorporated and adapted elements from their own backgrounds to the conventions and traditions of rap music?
Transculturation
As polarizing and unconventional as her performances and personae were, Grace Jones considered her work connected to and derived from a long history of subversive black female performance, in particular of Josephine Baker's work.
True
Because of the genre's popularity and because there were so few performance opportunities available to them, African Americans did elect to perform in minstrel shows- with some wearing blackface- however the meaning of those performances shifted from portraying stereotypes of black culture to parodying the institution of mindtresly, along with the actors and audience who participated in it.
True
Critics of Hendrix's performance of the "Star Spangled Banner" at Woodstock as unpatriotic and anti-American often overlooked - or were ignorant of - the fact that Hendrix served in the U.S. military in the early 1960s.
True
Despite their progressive sexual politics, the main reason that Labelle is still most well known for "Lady Marmalade" is because the music industry did not support the group's more politicized work, which is an indication of continued gender bias.
True
Even though social politics had moved the exoticist stereotypes of jungle music that made him famous, decades later Duke Ellington still continued to use some of the prominent musical devices from his Cotton Club days in compositions related to African themes.
True
For the influence of European pop and classical music, as well as the appeal of her music among white audiences, Donna Summer was criticized for moving disco too far away from its African American roots.
True
Meshell Ndegeocello's stripper and Janelle Monae's android are comparable in the artists' use of these characters to highlight the ways in which black female artists are treated as commodities in the music industry.
True
Negative associations related to gangsta rap are not just because of the music's associations with urban ghettos and gun violence, but rather a combination of lyrical messages, artist personas, industry marketing strategies, audience demand, and a history of collective attitudes and stereotypes about black art and black artists.
True
One of the reasons why members of the black community-at-large and press criticized the Wattstax festival was the festival organizers' decision to accept sponsorship funds from white-owned companies.
True
The adoption and adaption of the San Francisco-based Flower Power Movement by the U.K. pop culture and music industries is an example of what socio-cultural concept discussed in the course?
appropriation
How does Margaret Savilonis think that the members of Labelle were able to transcend the sexualized roles that they performed (and dressed as) in concert?
by claiming agency of these roles and choosing when to adopt one or several at a time
Chuck Berry's crossover hit "Maybellene" prominently featured all of the following elements of black popular music EXCEPT
call and response
The competitive exchanges at jam sessions that pitted highly virtuosic improvisers against one another for bragging rights were called
cutting contests
"The split self" refers to
multiple aspects of a complex identity
In his article "Suppose James Brown read Fanon," Michael Hanson suggests that "aural blackness" is most easily heard and most politically effective in which aspect of avant-garde jazz and funk music?
non-text-based elements
The phrase that Hazel Carby used to describe female blues artists of the 1920s that referred to their ability to critique the status quo and their place in society through popular music is
organic intellectuals
What are race records?
records specifically designed for and marketed to African Americans