blood administration ATI

A nurse is providing education to a client who has a prescription for a blood transfusion. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"You must immediately report any symptoms like chills, nausea, or itching." (Although the nurse can identify objective signs of a transfusion reaction (changes in vital signs, flushing, cyanosis, coughing, and to some extent, dyspnea), the nurse might not be able to tell if the client is experiencing subjective symptoms (chills, nausea, chest pain, headache, backache, muscle pain). Subjective signs are important clues, and the nurse must be aware of them)

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to receive a unit of packed RBCs and states "This is my third unit of blood today. I don't want to get some disease from all this blood." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Donated blood is carefully screened for infectious diseases." (This statement is accurate. The nurse might continue to explain that the approach to blood safety in the U.S. includes stringent donor selection practices and the use of screening tests for HIV, AIDS, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and other infectious diseases. Infected blood and blood products are safely discarded and are not used for transfusions)

Which of the following action should the nurse take prior to starting a blood transfusion?

Ensure that informed consent has been obtained from the client (It is the responsibility of the prescribing health care provider to answer the client's questions about the need, risks, and benefits of a procedure. A nurse can witness the client's signature indicating informed consent. This must be done prior to obtaining or administering the blood)

A nurse started a transfusion of packed RBCs for a client one hour ago. The client has suddenly develop shaking chills muscle stiffness in a temperature of 38.6°C (101.5F). The client appears flushed in reports a headache and "nervousness. ". The nurse should identify that the client has most likely developed which of the following types of transfusion reaction?

Febrile nonhemolytic (This is the most common type of transfusion reaction. The characteristic fever usually develops within 2 hr after the transfusion is started. Other classic symptoms include chills, headache, flushing, anxiety, and muscle pain. This type of reaction is usually a result of sensitization to the plasma, platelets, or white blood cells. Although this type of reaction is not life-threatening, it can be frightening and uncomfortable for the client)

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion and reports itching. The nurse observes areas of urticaria on the client skin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Stop the blood transfusion (This client is exhibiting manifestations of a mild allergic reaction to the blood transfusion. The nurse should stop the transfusion and follow facility protocol regarding transfusion reactions)

A platelet transfusion is indicated for a patient who...

has thrombocytopenia (A client who has thrombocytopenia has a low platelet count. When platelet counts drop below 20,000/mm3, a transfusion of platelets is generally indicated for the client)

when administering a transfusion of packed RBCs, it is important to

make sure the entire unit is transfused within 4 hr (Infusion times that exceed 4 hr increase the risk for bacterial proliferation. Ideally, a unit of packed RBCs is infused within 2 hr. Clients who are at risk for fluid-volume excess will require slower rates of infusion; however, the entire transfusion must not exceed 4 hr)

A nurse is preparing a blood transfusion for a client who has type a blood. The nurse should know that this client can safely receive blood from blood group oh because...

type O blood contains no A antigens (Type O blood contains no antigens at all, which is why clients who have type O blood are considered universal donors. Their blood can be transfused to anyone who has any ABO-related blood type without putting them at risk for an ABO incompatibility. It is the specific antigens in the transfused blood that can trigger hemolytic reactions. Because type O blood has no antigens, it is safe for this client and for any other client)

The nurse is preparing to initiate the transfusion of a unit of packed RBCs to a client. After the blood has arrived which of procedures will help the nurse protect the client against possibility possibility of blood group incompatibility?

Comparing the ID numbers on the blood unit with those on the order form and the client's wristband (Before administering blood or blood products, the client's nurse and one other authorized individual are required to identify the client and compare the label on the blood product to the prescription in the medical record and the client's armband. These actions will verify that the correct client is receiving the correct blood and help prevent the possibility of a blood-group incompatibility)

A client who is anticipating total hip replacement is considering autologus transfusion. When teaching this client about autologous transfusion it is important to emphasize that

it reduces the risk of mismatched blood (Mismatched blood can cause an immune response to another person's antigens. Because the client is their own donor in an autologous transfusion, there is no risk of exposure to another person's antigens)