BM1002: Week 1
what type of cell benefits from having microvilli?
absorption cells, maximize nutrient absorption eg gut
toes are anterior/posterior compared with heels?
anterior
keratin
non-living anchored to newer cells strong waterproof substance that protects underlying tissue-fingernails
transmembrane protein?
'gateway' allows certain/specific substances through the membrane
gap junctions
'secrete tunnels' between the cells. function is to allow rapid communication between cells. eg cardiac muscles need rapid tight communication
transverse
(horizontal) refers to a plane that divides the body into superior/inferior, or anterior/posterior portions not mirror image perpendicular to median plane
RER
-Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -contains many ribosomes- rough looking outer layer -creates proteins
transitional
-mixture of multilayered and single layered, -protects against toxic urine -can be stretched -urinary tract
peripheral proteins
...
dorsal
Along (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body., Away from the ground. think, dorsal fin on a dolphin
characteristics of epithelium
Proliferation and high turnover Polarized- specialized purpose at each end Sheets are Avascular, while masses are Vascular basal membrane
nucleolous
Small dense regions in the nuclei, containing the DNA
SER
Smooth ER creation of lipids aids in detoxification
tight junctions
cells very close together create an impassable wall eg- do not want digestive juices entering bloodstream
four basic types of tissues?
connective, nervous, muscle, epithelial. At least two types found in all organs
the wrist is distal/proximal to the elbow?
distal, lower than theelbow
sagittal
extremity middle plane, mirror image but not median (in the middle of body)plane
Simple squamous
flat, thin simple, one layer
nucleous
houses 'blueprints' (DNA) of the cell, blueprints to create everyhting
why do the phospholipids arrange themselfsin a bilayer?
hydrophillic head attracted to water, hydrophobic tails water fearing, htus the 'heads' face the water and the lipid 'tails', 'hide' between the phosphate 'heads'
microvilli
increase SA for maximum absorption project from surface of cell (not a cell on its own) part of cell membrane very small
clavicle is superior/anterior/distal/inferior to mandible
inferior
Psuedostratified
irregular placed nuclei looks messy and seems stratified- but in fact is only one layerof cells secretion movement of particles upper respiratory
stratified squamous
keratin, multi-layered protects underlying tissues, skin,
advantage of having micro villi?
larger surface area, advantageous in intestine for nutrient absorption
cillia
larger than MV internal structure of microtubules imbedded in the plasma membrane, rather than an extension (m.v.) move substances over the surface of the cell- 'hairs' that move mucous in a wave like motion out of the respiratory tract.
goblet cells
modified columnar epithelial secrete mucous- protection funtion found in respiratory & gastrointestinal
simple cuboidal
one layer, cube like, absorption and secretion present in thyroid
simple columnar
one layer, posses surface specializations present in gallbladder, intestine
palmar
palm of hand, back of forelimbs for a dog as they are didgitigrade- walk on toes (dorsal is top/front of paw, for a dog) (plantar is back of hind limb and dorsal is top/front of foot)
vertebra is posterior/anterior compared with sternum
posteria
mitochondria
power house of thecell creates ATP- Adenosine TriPhosphate (currency of the cell, gives the cell the ability to do work) many mitochondria= very active cell, needing high amounts of energy enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA
epithelium
protective, absorptive, excretionary
knee in proximal/distal compared with ankle,but distal/proximal to the hip
proximal to ankle, distal to hip
plantar
same as palmar except its hindlimbs for dogs, feet for humans dorsal is front/top of hind paw
Functionsof epithelium
secretion- sweat glands protection Interchange with environment- gas exchange, nutrient absorption sensation- taste buds, olfactory (smell)
nuclear membrane
separates the genetic material in the nucleous from the cytoplasm contains holes or gateways called nuclear pores membrane is continuous with RER
nose is superior/inferior to the mandible
superior, higher than the jaw
median
verticle middle plane,mirror image,
skin is superficial rather than the stomach?
true