BOC : Athletic training chapter 18 - The Foot

List in order, from beginning, the steps for managing subungual hematoma.

1.) Apply an ice pack to the injured area. 2.) Elevate the injured foot to reduce bleeding. 3.) Release the pressure of the blood under the toenail by drilling a small hole through the nail into the nail bed. 4.) Drill again, if required, to prevent the accumulation of blood.

List in order, from the beginning, the steps to establish a position of subtalar neutral while looking for structural foot deformity.

1.) The patient should be prone with the distal third of the leg hanging off the end of the table. 2.) A line should be drawn bisecting the leg from the start of the musculotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius to the distal portion of the calcaneus. 3.) With the patient still prone, the athletic trainer should palpate the talus while the forefoot is inverted and everted. 4.) One finger should palpate the talus at the anterior aspect of the fibula and another finger at the anterior portion of the medial malleolus. 5.) The athletic trainer should check if the talus is equally prominent on both sides.

Imran is a sprinter. He complains of sharp pain in the right foot and its inability to bear weight on heel strike while running. Moreover, the pain persists even at rest. Since the X-ray report of the affected foot failed to show any result, a bone scan was suggested to Imran. In this scenario, these are symptoms of...

A calcaneal stress fracture

What movement of the foot takes place at the ankle joint?

Dorsiflexion

In the context of the subtalar joint, _____ is a movement of the calcaneus such that the sole of the foot turns outward, or laterally.

Eversion

True or false: the cuboid articulates posteriorly with the fourth and fifth metatarsals.

False

True or false? In the context of the subtalar joint, eversion is a movement of the calcaneus such that the sole of the foot turns inward, or medially.

False

True of false? The dorm of the foot is supplied by the dorsal pedal artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries, which branch from the posterior tibial artery.

False. The Dorsum of the foot is supplied by the dorsal pedal artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries, which branch form the anterior tibial artery. The plantar aspect of the foot is supplied by the lateral plantar artery, the medial plantar artery, and the plantar arterial arch, which all branch from the posterior tibial artery.

An exostosis that develops on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus is called a....

Haglund's deformity

______ is the movement of the calcaneus such that the sole of the foot turns inward, or medially.

Inversion

The _____ joint consists of the two distinct joints, the calcaneocuboid and the talonavicular joint.

Midtarsal

A teardrop-shaped pad is placed between the heads of the third and fourth metatarsals in an attempt to splay the metatarsals apart during weight bearing for patient suffering from...

Morton's neuroma

A condition in which there is an abnormally short first metatarsal is known as...

Morton's toe

What should be done when pes cavus is asymptomatic?

No attempt should be made to correct the problem

_____ is sometimes known as clawfoot or hollow foot.

Pes cavus

Matching parts of the metatarsals to the ligaments Bases of the metatarsals

Plantar and dorsal ligaments

Footwear to be recommended to individuals suffering from Morton's neuroma

Shoes that are wide in the toe box

Identify the symptoms of a sprained toe.

Swelling Immediate yet short-lived pain

Identify the primary sources of blood supply to the human foot.

The anterior tibial artery The posterior tibial artery

Symptom of sublingual hematoma?

The area under the toenail assumes a bluish-purple color

An effect of over-pronation while running

The cuboid loses much of its mechanical advantage as a pulley

Identify the ligaments of the anterior tarsal joints.

The cuneonavicular ligament The intercuneiform ligament

What happens at heel strike in prolonged or excessive supination?

The fibularis longus tendon does not allow mobility of the first ray

What is the symptom of hallux rigidus?

The great toe fails to dorsiflex

True Statement about the stance phase of a complete gait cycle in walking

The stance phase can be broken down into five phases

Identify the muscles of the foot that help it to accomplish dorsiflexion.

The tibialis anterior muscle The peroneus tertius muscle The extensor digitorum longus muscle

Matching parts of the metatarsals to the ligaments Heads of the metatarsals

Transverse metatarsal ligaments

Calcaneal apophysitis occurs in ______ patients.

Young, physically active

A hyperextension of the great toe results in...

a sprain of the metatarsophalangeal joint

A medial aspect of the bony landmark that should be palpated to determine a foot injury is the...

calcaneal dome

The _____ is the largest tarsal bone.

calcaneus

The plantar fascia is a thick, white band of fibrous tissue that originates from the medial tuberosity of the...

calcaneus

First step in looking for structural deformities of the foot is to...

establish a position of subtalar neutral

A(n) _____ is a benign bony outgrowth or callus that protrudes from the surface of a bone and is usually capped by cartilage.

exostosis

A feature of the medial longitudinal arch is that it...

extends forward to the distal head of the first metatarsal

A movement of the phalanges of the human foot is...

extension

The metatarsals arch of the human foot stretches from the ____ metatarsals.

first to fifth

The ideal shoe for a pronated foot is one that...

has good rear foot control

Matching parts of the metatarsals to the ligaments Shafts of the metatarsals

interosseous ligaments

The ______ joints of the foot are designed only for flexion and extension.

interphalangeal

What is the role of the first metatarsal bone?

it acts as the weight-bearing support during walking and running

A characteristic of over-pronation is that...

it forces the knee joint to absorb more transfer rotation motion

Matching types of orthotics with materials used for their production functional orthotics

made from hard plastic

Matching types of orthotics with materials used for their production soft orthotics

made of readily fabricated materials

Matching types of orthotics with materials used for their production semirigid orthotics

made of thermoplastics, rubber, or leather

A(n) ______ is a mass that occurs about the nerve sheath of the common plantar nerve at the point at which divides into the two digital branches to adjacent toes.

neuroma

Steve is a soccer player. During a tournament, an opponent player accidentally steps on his left foot while tackling. Immediately, he experiences an intense pain that aggravates when he tries to move his affected toe. Gradually, the affected area swells up and exhibits discoloration. In this scenario, these are symptoms of...

phalangeal fracture

A prominent cause of cuboid subluxation is...

pronation

Matching types of shoes to characteristic board-lasted shoe

provides a firm, inflexible base for the shoe

Matching types of shoes to characteristic combination-lasted shoe

provides rear foot stability with forefoot mobility

A bony, lateral aspect of the foot that should be palpated to determine an injury is the...

sinus tarsi

A characteristic of the talus bone is that it is...

situated above the calcaneus

Characteristic of the talus bone is that it is...

situated above the calcaneus

Pos Cavus can be managed by....

stretching the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia.

The navicular bone is positioned anterior to the...

talus

The ____ is located between the bones of the lower leg and the metatarsals.

tarsal bones

The ____ joint is formed by the junction of the bases of the metatarsals bones with the cuboid and all three cuneiforms.

tarsometatarsal

A gymnast injured her right foot while performing a routine. She complains of pain and paresthesia along the medial and plantar aspect of the affected foot. The pain aggravates at night. Gradually, the right foot shows signs of atrophy. She also responds positively to TInel's sign test. In this scenario, these are symptoms of...

the hallux valgus deformity

The ______ arch of the human foot extends across the cuboid and the internal cuneiform and forms a half-dome.

transverse

An injury typically associated with over-supination is....

trochanteric bursitis

A great toe hyperextension is also known as....

turf toe

Matching types of shoes to characteristic Slip-lasted toe

very flexible

A cause of plantar fasciitis is...

wearing shoes with insufficient arch support