Bot 107 Test 3
definitions of native and alien plants discussed in class
-alien= exotic; plants introudced to area outside their native range, purposefully or accidentally -native: a plant that has occured naturally in a particular region, ecosystem, or habitat without human introduction
uses of the breadfruit tree (artocarpus altilis)
-all parts of the tree yield latex that is useful for boat caulking -edible fruits -fruit is collected, and the outer skin removed for food -timber -kapa (bark) -sandpaper -plates -medicine etc.
major traditional, widespread uses of cannabis plants
-hempen fibers: can be used to make cloth, paper, and rope -vegetable oil: the oil can be used for lighting, for soap, and is now sometimes in paints, varnish, and linoleum -food: the seeds can be used for bird feed, and can be eaten by humans -mind-altering substances: important for rituals and ceremonies for thousands of years in Eurasia, Africa, and many other places -medicinal products: used for thousands of years to cure many things
geographical definitions of near oceania and remote oceania
-near oceania: comprises mainland New Guinea with surrounding islands such as the Bismarcks, up to the main solomon islands in the east -remote oceania: includes al lislands further eastward, i.e. Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, as well as micronesia and polynesia.
plant sources of dues used in making kapa cloth in Hawai'i
-red: bark of noni (Morinda cirtifolia), amaumau fern (Sadleria cyatheoides), akaia (rubus hawaiensis) -yellow: olena or turmeric, noni (morina cirtifolia), holei (ochrosia spp) and ma'o (cotton) -blues/lavendar: uki'uki (dianella sandwicensis), popolo or hawaiian nightshade (solanum selsonii) -black: kukui nuts
use of retting and ginning in extraction of fiber from some plants
-retting: microbial action to separate fibers from softer plant tissue surrounding it; often accomplished by soaking fibers and letting softer tissue rot -ginning: mehcanical separation of fibers from seeds (e.g. cotton) using machines that tear fibers loose
scientific law
A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions
no final truths in science
There are no absolutes in science. no all-encompasing, categorical statements can be made about anything. even the basic assumptions of science are reconsidered, from time to time, by particular scientists, for rejection. No absolutes, no proofs, no final answers. there are only approximate truths. Whether a statement, theory, or framework is true or not depends on quantitative factors and how closely you examine or measure the results.
Canoe Plants that humans brought to Hawaiʻi on purpose in pre-contact times
`Ape (Elephant Ears) `Awa (Kava) `Awapuhi Kuahiwi (Wild Ginger) Hau (Hau) Ipu (Gourd) Kalo (Taro) Kamani (Alexandrian Laurel) Ki (Ti) Ko (Sugar Cane) Kou Kukui (Candlenut) Mai`a (Banana) Milo (Portia Tree) Niu (Coconut) etc.
scientific fact
a direct and repeatable observation of any aspect of the natural world
scientific theory
a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations (difference between fact, law, and theory: A fact refers to any phenomenon or action that is verified. A theory, however, is a bit different to a fact. A theory provides us with an explanation for what has been verified or observed.Laws are generalized observations about a relationship between two or more things in the natural world based on a variety of facts and empirical evidence, often framed as a mathematical statement, according to NASA)
origin areas of almost all "canoe plants" that reached Hawaiʻi in pre-contact times
asia, specifically southeast and eurasia
geographical origin of sweet potato in remote oceania
central and south america
plants cell qualities that make certain fibers strong enough to be used for cordage
fibers run the length of plant stem, made up of thick tough cell walls, and provides structure
ecological niche/plant life form of yams
important hawaiian dryland crop. yams were grown in the more dry and less productive lands (opposite of the kalo). leaf mulching was used to incresae growth, and they were used to support the uhi planted close by
definition and dangers of invasive species
invasice species are dangerous because they can overrun the local plants that are not used to the competition
prerequisites needed for successful early colonization of Hawaiʻi
invention and refinement of strategies for exploiting reefs, lagoons, and open waters. domestication of a set of typical crops, animals, and development of horticulture. development of sophisticated water-craft capable of carying people long distances.
accidental and/or purposeful search for and discovery of remote islands
just guess lol
Iʻe kuku use in traditional kapa cloth production
kapa is a fabric made by pouding the fibers of certain plants. the plants can be Wauke, Ulu, Mo'aloa, Mamaki, Akala, and Hau
traditional production of black dye in hawai'i
kukui nuts were used to produce the black dyes
plants discuessed in lecture or lab that produce plant fibers used for making cordage
ma'o (cotton), hemp, aha (coconut), hala, hau, olona, ahu'awa
expansion of austronesian speaking peoples, who fished & farmed in coastal S.E. Asia
many people believed the austronesian people originated from micronesia.
hemp fiber use historically in the British isles and Kentucky as described in class
medicine? no clue. so many uses.
a "cultural" biogeographical filter effect for people and plants
no clue
plants traditionally used to make sails for Pacific Islander canoes
pandanus aka screwpine
Transported landscape of plants and animals introduced by people to pre-contact Hawaiʻi
plants were introduced by boat mainly
environmental signals used to navigate by long distance voyagers in the Pacific Ocean
rising and setting sun guided them, looked at the albatross flight patterns, deepwater blue changing to green shows a reef is very near, and swell patterns
theoretical location of the original Austronesial languages discussed in class
southeast asia
Definition of Canoe Plants in the tropical Pacific region
the canoe plants were those that were brought over by the polynesian people. they were plants like coconuts, breadfruit, and hala.
coconut palm origins and arrival in Hawaiʻi
the coconut was one of the main canoe plants that were brought over. nicknamed the "tree of life" it was brought for the many uses it had. you can eat and drink from it, making roofing, sails, and even rope
Hōkū leʻa star and canoe
the early polynesians used the star Hoku le'a (Arcturus as the guidepost in their long journeys)
plant part of kava shrub that contains psychoactive substances
the rootstalk
traditional use of died Pandanus (hala) fruits
they could be used as a paintbrush for kapa
Psychoactive use of Kave (ʻawa) in the past and present
uses the rootstalk for the psychoactive effects. used to calm and has anti anxiety properties