Botany Chapter 16 Bryophytes

Gemmae and gemma cups are directly involved in sexual reproduction.

Flase

When bryophyte spores germinate, they first form juvenile developmental stages called rhizoids

Flase

3. Explain the alternation of generations in mosses?

Gametophyte is dominant

1. What anchoring structure do mosses have instead of roots?

Rhizoids

4. What adaptation allowed plants like mosses to make the move to life on land?

Rhizoids some mosses are epiphytes

Bryophytes are transitional between the charophycean algae and vascular plants.

True

In bryophytes, sperm must swim through water to reach the egg.

True

Leptoids are somewhat similar to a type of food-conducting cells in vascular plants.

True

In the Bryidae, gametophytes are borne on the sporophytes.

True ? Not sure of this answer

43. What is the structure in number 6? a. Antheridiophore b. Archegoniophore c. Sporangium

a. Antheridiophore

37. True mosses belong to the division _________. a. Bryophyta b. Hepatophyta c. Anthocerotophyta

a. Bryophyta

Peat mosses belong to the phylum ______, class ______. a. Bryophyta; Sphagnidae b. Bryophyta; Andreaeidae c. Bryophyta; Bryidae d. Marchantophyta; Sphagnidae e. Marchantophyta; Bryidae

a. Bryophyta; Sphagnidae

46. What is structure 3? a. Capsule b. Seta c. Foot

a. Capsule

23. What does the moss female gametophyte form? a. Eggs b. Spores c. Sperm

a. Eggs

13. Which generation dominates the moss life cycle? a. Gametophyte b. Sporophyte

a. Gametophyte

28. Sexual reproduction in mosses happens in which generation? a. Gametophyte b. Sporophyte

a. Gametophyte

47. What generation starts with the spores in number 4? a. Gametophyte b. Sporophyte

a. Gametophyte

14. The moss gametophyte generation is _______. a. Haploid b. Diploid c. Polyploid

a. Haploid

38. What is the organism pictured above? a. Hornwort b. Liverwort c. Moss d. Club moss

a. Hornwort

7. In mosses, which gamete is motile? a. Male b. Female

a. Male

16. The gametophyte generation is produced by ________. a. Meiosis b. Mitosis

a. Meiosis

45. What is structure 2? a. Sporophyte c. Gametophyte

a. Sporophyte

12. Bryophytes can obtain nutrients from the dust that falls on them. a. True b. False

a. True

17. Aside from the production of spores, all other cell divisions in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations are produced by mitosis. a. True b. False

a. True

36. While most bryophytes grow in wet areas, some have developed tolerance to dry conditions and can survive desiccation. a. True b. False

a. True

29. Do mosses alternate generations? a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

44. What is structure 1? a. Zygote b. Sperm c. Spore d. Gametophyte

a. Zygote

9. As plants moved to land, adaptations to a land environment became necessary. To avoid desiccation, bryophytes developed ________. a. a waxy cuticle b. xylem and phloem conducting tissues c. stomates to protect against water loss d. lignin e. conducting tissues that are not true xylem and phloem

a. a waxy cuticle

49. The male gamete-containing structure in number 6 is called a(n) _______. a. antheridium b. archegonium c. sporangium

a. antheridium

8. An advantage of moving to a land environment from the oceans is ________. a. better access to light for photosynthesis b. less competition for resources c. CO2 is not limited d. All of the above are advantages

a. better access to light for photosynthesis

21. The sporophyte generation is _______. a. diploid b. haploid

a. diploid

The ______ is embedded in the archegonium. a. foot b. seta c. capsule d. neck canal

a. foot

34. The dominant generation of Marchantia is the ______. a. gametophyte generation b. sporophyte generation

a. gametophyte generation

30. Sphagnum bogs ______. a. have a very acidic pH b. only last a short period of time c. have a high species diversity (lots of different kinds of plants can grow there) d. are found primarily in the tropics

a. have a very acidic pH

The function of elaters is to: a. help disperse spores. b. help disperse gemmae. c. strengthen the spore wall. d. conduct water and nutrients through the plant body. e. support the archegoniophores.

a. help disperse spores.

32. There are two morphological groups of liverworts. These are __________. a. leafy and thallose b. hairy and smooth surface c. sexually reproducing vs asexually reproducing d. mosses and hornworts

a. leafy and thallose

27. What cell division process produces an egg and a sperm? a. mitosis b. meiosis

a. mitosis

When the cells of the ________ disintegrate, they form a tube through which sperm move to the egg. a. neck canal b. capsule c. calyptra d. venter e. placenta

a. neck canal

41. Liverworts attach to the soil by _______. a. rhizoids b. roots c. hyphae d. none of the above

a. rhizoids

15. The first cell(s) of the gametophyte generation is (are) the ______. a. spore b. male gamete c. female gamete d. male and female gametes

a. spore

Bryophytes share all of the following features with charophytes except: a. the presence of archegonia. b. chloroplasts with well-developed grana. c. flagella that extend from the sides of the cell. d. a nuclear envelope that breaks down during mitosis.

a. the presence of archegonia.

The granite mosses belong to the phylum ______, class ______. a. Bryophyta; Sphagnidae b. Bryophyta; Andreaeidae c. Bryophyta; Bryidae d. Hepatophyta; Sphagnidae

b. Bryophyta; Andreaeidae

40. What is the organism pictured above? a. Hornwort b. Liverwort c. Fern d. Moss

b. Liverwort

Which of the following statements about bryophytes is FALSE? a. They lack xylem and phloem. b. The cell walls of their water-conducting cells are lignified. c. They exhibit alternating heteromorphic generations. d. The sporophyte is usually nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. e. The gametophyte is usually larger than the sporophyte.

b. The cell walls of their water-conducting cells are lignified. They are not lignified

25. Mosses determine sex by _________. a. environmental cues b. an X and Y chromosome system

b. an X and Y chromosome system

42. The structure labeled with number 7 in the figure below is the _________. a. antheridiophore b. archegoniophore c. sporangium

b. archegoniophore

19. The moss mature sporophyte consists of three parts. These are the ________. a. protonema , bud and moss plant b. foot, seta and capsule

b. foot, seta and capsule

5. Bryophytes differ from vascular plants in that bryophytes ______. a. have xylem and phloem b. have unbranched sporophytes c. have a dominant sporophyte generation d. produce a greater number of spores

b. have unbranched sporophytes

Matrotrophy refers to the: a. attraction of sperm by the egg. b. nourishment of the zygote by the archegonium. c. transport of sugars through the placenta. d. division of the zygote within the venter. e. movement of sugars through plasmodesmata.

b. nourishment of the zygote by the archegonium

48. Moss grows by an extensive network of cells called (see number 5) _____. a. hyphae b. protonema c. thala. Gametophytelus d. rhizoids

b. protonema

22. The container in which spores are formed is called a ________. a. operculum b. sporangium c. antheridium d. archegonium

b. sporangium

11. Bryophytes have ________. a. true roots b. structures which anchor them to the soil called rhizoids c. neither roots nor rhizoids - they are not anchored to the soil

b. structures which anchor them to the soil called rhizoids

39. Hornworts belong to the division ________. a. Bryophyta b. Hepatophyta c. Anthocerotophyta

c. Anthocerotophyta

50. One advantage of moving to a land environment from the oceans is a. Better access to oxygen for photosynthesis b. Less problem with salt c. Better availability of light d. Better nutrient availability

c. Better availability of light

The "true mosses" belong to the phylum ______, class ______. a. Bryophyta; Sphagnidae b. Bryophyta; Andreaeidae c. Bryophyta; Bryidae d. Hepatophyta; Sphagnidae e. Hepatophyta; Bryidae

c. Bryophyta; Bryidae

Mosses possess _______. a. True xylem and phloem b. Conducting tissue but not true xylem and phloem c. No conducting tissue

c. No conducting tissue

Embryophytes are characterized by having: a. few mitotic divisions between fertilization and meiosis. b. a multicellular embryo that has stomata. c. a multicellular, matrotrophic embryo. d. a dominant gametophyte generation. e. vascular tissues.

c. a multicellular, matrotrophic embryo.

In bryophytes, rhizoids usually: a. absorb ions. b. absorb water. c. attach to the substrate d. are unicellular. e. are true roots.

c. attach to the substrate

10. Bryophytes grow close to the ground to ______. a. obtain water and nutrients by capillary action b. protect themselves against wind c. ensure fertilization d. to avoid being eaten

c. ensure fertilization

24. When spores germinate, the developing chains of cells are called a _____. a. sporophyte b. bud c. protonema

c. protonema

6. When a moss spore germinates, it gives rise to a(n) ________. a. sporophyte b. sporocyte c. protonema d. archegonium e. antheridium

c. protonema

20. The moss sporophyte obtains nourishment from ______. a. the soil b. leaves c. the gametophyte

c. the gametophyte

Hadrom contains: a. gametes. b. food-conducting cells. c. water-conducting cells. d. spores. e. degenerate nuclei.

c. water-conducting cells.

18. The sporophyte generation begins with the _________. a. spore b. gamete c. zygote d. seta e. capsule

c. zygote

Which of the following is NOT a group of mosses of phylum Bryophyta? a. Peat mosses b. Granite mosses c. Club mosses d. Bryidae e. Andreaeidae

d. Bryidae

35. In which of the following is the gametophyte generation the dominant generation? a. Hornworts b. Liverworts c. Mosses d. In all of the above

d. In all of the above

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in bryophytes is FALSE? a. Sperm are the only flagellated cells produced by bryophytes. b. The zygote is matrotrophic. c. Sex is governed by the distribution of sex chromosomes d. In the antheridium, the spermatogenous cells are "sterile." e. Chemicals released from the archegonium attract sperm.

d. In the antheridium, the spermatogenous cells are "sterile."

Which of the following statements concerning the bryophytes is FALSE? a. Some can grow in Antarctica. b. Some can grow above timberline. c. Some can grow in deserts. d. Some can grow in freshwater. e. Some can grow in high-salinity salt water

d. Some can grow in freshwater.

Which of the following statements about bryophytes is FALSE? a. They may be "thalloid" or "leafy." b. Some species contain strands with conducting functions. c. They do not have true stems and leaves. d. They have rhizoids that absorb water and nutrients.

d. They have rhizoids that absorb water and nutrients.

31. Uses of peat include ________. a. fuel b. wound dressing c. dating climate changes via a pollen record d. all of the above are correct

d. all of the above are correct

In bryophytes, fertilization takes places in the: a. open water. b. capsule. c. seta. d. antheridium.

d. antheridium.

26. The structure that contains an egg is called a (an) _______. a. zygote b. sporangium c. antheridium d. archegonium

d. archegonium

What is the function of hydroids? a. anchoring the gametophyte b. photosynthesis c. aiding in spore dispersal d. conducting water e. conducting food

d. conducting water

In contrast to the ventral portion, the dorsal portion of a thalloid liverwort: a. contains rhizoids. b. contains scales. c. is thicker. d. contains chlorophyll. e. is colorless.

d. contains chlorophyll.

At maturity, the sporophyte of most bryophytes consists of the: a. foot and seta only. b. seta and capsule only. c. capsule and calyptra only. d. foot, seta, and capsule. e. seta, capsule, and

d. foot, seta, and capsule.

After they germinate, bryophyte spores first give rise to: a. hyphae. b. archegonia. c. rhizoids. d. protonema. e. antheridia.

d. protonema.

In Marchantia, the mature capsule contains: a. spores only. b. elaters only. c. gemmae only. d. spores and elaters only. e. spores, elaters, and gemmae.

d. spores and elaters only.

The base of the bryophyte archegonium, called the ______, contains ______. a. placenta; a single egg b. capsule; spermatogenous cells c. calyptra; several eggs d. venter; a single egg e. seta; spermatogenous cells

d. venter; a single egg

. Bryophytes having a basal meristem belong to the ________. a. phylum Hepatophyta b. class Sphagnidae c. class Bryidae d. class Andreaeidae e. phylum Anthocerophyta

e. phylum Anthocerophyta

The ________ is located between the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. a. seta b. capsule c. calyptra d. venter e. placenta

e. placenta

Sporopollenin is found in _____ of the charophytes, in _____ of the bryophytes, and in ____ of the vascular plants. a. spores; spores; spores b. zygotes; zygotes; zygotes c. spores; zygotes; zygotes d. spores; zygotes; spores. e. zygotes; spores; spores

e. zygotes; spores; spores

Bryophytes are a group of organisms at the transition between: a. brown algae and algae. b. fungi and plants. c. green algae and vascular plants. d. nonvascular and vascular plants. e. aquatic and terrestrial plants.

green algae and vascular plants

2. Why are mosses usually restricted to moist habitats?

water is required for fertiliztion