brain and behavior quiz

Which list represents the correct sequence of events in the regulation of gonadal steroid hormones in men?

GnRH, anterior pituitary, gonads, release of androgens

Which response is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations

Which statement most accurately describes the role of heredity in depression?

Increase susceptibility for depression can be inherited, though there is no single gene responsible for depression.

In the female, increased levels of estrogens during the ovarian cycle induce the release of _______, which triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum, which then secrets _______.

LH; progesterone

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep.

REM

If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and a subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours, which outcome occurs?

The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the stages of reproductive behavior?

The correct answer is: Sexual attraction, appetitive behavior, copulation, postcopulatory behavior

Which statement about the SSRIs is false?

They can reduce depression within a matter of days.

The essential feature of tropic hormones is that they

affect the secretion of other endocrine glands.

Compared with controls, during emotional processing depressed people show increased activation in the _______, and during cognitively demanding tasks they show increased activity in the _______.

amygdala; frontal lobes

Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate

awakening.

Because of shifts in circadian rhythms that occur around puberty, students at high schools that begin the school day after 8:30 am generally experience

better academic performance.

Research indicates that treating postmenopausal women with low doses of _______ can revive sexual interest.

both androgen and estrogen

Many people with narcolepsy also exhibit _______, in which muscle tone is suddenly lost without loss of _______.

cataplexy; consciousness

The enlarged ventricles in the brains of some patients with schizophrenia

comes at the expense of volume of adjacent neural tissue.

Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of SWS and REM sleep may be related to the

consolidation of perceptual learning.

Steroid hormones typically exert their effects by

diffusing through the cell membrane, binding to receptor molecules and altering gene expression.

Glands that release their products within the body are called _______ glands.

endocrine

According to the dopamine hypothesis, schizophrenia is caused by a _______ of dopamine release or a _______ of dopamine receptors

excess; excess

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is especially prominent during the _______ of a night's sleep.

first half

Cells located in the _______ synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin and transport these hormones to the _______.

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

In an experiment with hamsters, if a light with a timer is adjusted so that the light switches on and off 6 hours earlier than the animals are used to, they will show

phase shift.

PET brain studies of schizophrenia have shown

reduced metabolic activity in the frontal lobes relative to other brain regions.

Family studies of schizophrenia reveal that

schizophrenia is more evident among first-degree relatives of patients than it is among more distant relatives.

Infant sleep is characterized by _______ sleep cycles than those of adults, with proportionally more _______ sleep.

shorter; REM

Neuronal and hormonal communication both involve

specialized receptor molecules.

People with depression show different sleep patterns, a major one being a striking reduction of time spent in _______ sleep.

stage 3

In humans, enhanced serum levels of growth hormone are evident during

stage 3 sleep (SWS).

A model of the environmental stress and genetics involved in schizophrenia proposes that the disease emerges from

the interaction of stress and genetic factors.

In the brain of the female rat, the region especially important for reproductive behavior is the

ventromedial hypothalamus