breastfeeding and infancy

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what are the 3 biggest benefits of breastfeeding mothers?

1. BONDING to their child; creates an emotional bond between mother and child 2. reduces risk for type 2 diabetes because the weight can be lost quicker 3. Large hormonal response that tells body done with pregnancy and "lets start putting ourselves back together"

energy and protein requirements for preschoolers:

1800 kcals 1.1 g protein

when are solid foods introduced?

around 4-6 months of age once certain milestones are met

specifically, why is DHA important for newborns?

brain development! it is an omega 3 fatty acid

is need for nutrients greater during pregnancy or lactation?

lactation --- many microvitamins needed during this time

colostrum is ___ volume of liquid, but contains higher ____

lower volume, higher nutrient content

what determines when babies can start eating solid foods?

milestones

what is the negative of feeding with formula instead of breast milk?

nursing bottle tooth decay

galactosemia

resistance to breastmilk; can't metabolize lactose

adolescence is an uncomfortable time because

they are concerned with body image -- could lead to eating disorders

explain diet pattern in children

worsens as child gets older -- leads to childhood obesity

age of toddlers

1-3 years

energy and protein requirements for toddlers:

1300 kcals 1.2 g protein

how many kcals per cup does a glass of human milk contain?

160

infants grow at an accelerated rate. explain

Doubles birth weight by 6 months of age and triples it by 12 months Length doubles by 1 year of age

why is growth so accelerated during infancy?

Significant intellectual and social development occurs during infancy

energy and protein trends in aging children

as they age, their kcal increases and protein decreases

how does breast-feeding protect against infections, allergies, and chronic disease

breast milk has lymphocytes/ immune cells from mother

breast milk is low in ___, ___, ___

fat soluble vitamins, sodium, other minerals

what nutrient should women focus on increasing during first trimester

folic acid

another benefit of breast milk

may enhance brain development

what are the developmental milestones from 4-6 months

solid foods are accepted because the tongue is further back in the mouth; infant can hold his head up and is able to sit with/out support

what does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend?

supplementing breast-fed babies with vitamin D drops to meet needs

t/f: food allergies are more common in infants than adults

t

colostrum

the very first milk produced by the breast... can be produced before the baby is born

age of school children

6-10 years

fxn of colostrum

acts as a mild laxative, has an immune system in it

what nutrients are predominantly needed during lactation?

carbs and water

what's a healthy alternative to breastmilk

formula

what is used to track physical development

growth charts

first bowel movement is called

mirconium

why must the mirconium be removed quickly?

mirconium has dead red blood cells - has to get out of babys digestive tract otherwise it will cause jaundice

reasons for FTT

misinformed parents who don't know what proper foods are; child has some sort of issue with their digestive tract

how is formula made?

modified cow milk

do food intolerances cause antibody production?

no; create problems during digestion like lactose intolerance

what does breastfeeding provide?

nutritional and health benefits for infants

what is the benefit of continuing breast milk past 6 months?

reduces risk of childhood obesity

why wont babies (birth - 4 months) eat solid foods?

the way their tongue is shaped, they will push it out

when is bottle feeding recommended?

weak or small infant -- Specific formulas can induce weight gain and nutrient content

does the nutritional composition of breast milk change?

yes; it changes as the infant grows

nursing bottle tooth decay

occurs because some formulas have higher amount of sugar in them; allowing nutrients to have bottle in their mouth for too long - causes bacterial growth on the teeth when baby falls asleep with bottle in their mouth over night

Failure to thrive (FTT)

occurs when a child is delayed in physical growth or size or does not gain enough weight

energy and protein requirements for school children:

2000 kcals 1.0 g protein

why are children prone to these diseases?

High-kcalorie, high-saturated fat diets combined with low-activity lifestyles

breast milk specifically is high in ___, ___, and ___

fat, lactose, B vitamins

when should babies not be breast fed?

if they have galactosemia, or if the mothers are sick

what is the biggest benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?

immune protection; breast milk is the first immune system the baby will have

what essential fatty acids are in breast milk? why are they important?

in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) important for the development of vision and the central nervous system

energy and protein needs for children :

increases as you age, especially in teenage years (puberty)

what are the developmental milestones from 9-12 months

infant can drink from a cup and feed himself

what are the developmental milestones from 6-9 months

infant can sit without support, chew, hold food, easily move hand to mouth

what are the developmental milestones from birth to 4 months?

infant drinks breastmilk by suckling a nipple; pushes solid food out of the mouth

girls -grow __ in -gain ___ lbs - ___ body fat

- grow 6 inches -gain 35 lbs -increase body fat

boys -grow __ in -gain ___ lbs - ___ lean body mass

- grow 8 inches -gain 45 lbs -increase lean body mass

energy and protein requirements for girls: -age 11-14 -age 15-18

-47 kcals, 1.0 g protein -40 kcals, 0.9 g protein

energy and protein requirements for boys: -age 11-14 -age 15-18

-55 kcals, 1.0 g protein -45 kcals, 0.9 g protein

how many cups a day should a breastfeeding mother drink?

13 cups -- need enough water so youre never feeling thirsty

age of preschoolers

4-5 years

how many additional kcals should a breastfeeding mother take in?

400

diet related diseases seen in children:

Obesity Type 2 diabetes Elevated serum cholesterol Heart disease Hypertension

what is important to note during 2nd and 3rd trimesters

add about 300-400 calories

why do girls gain body fat and boys gain lean body mass?

estrogen makes fat, testosterone makes muscle

what does the American Dietetic Association recommend

exclusive breast feeding until 6 months of age and continuation to at least one year with appropriate solid foods

colustrum is lower in ___, but higher in ___ ___ ___ ___

fat; protein, vitamin A, minerals, antibodies


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