BSC 101 Unit 1 (Inheritance) (4/4)
How many chromosomes do we have?
46 (23 pairs)
monohybrid cross
A cross between two homozygotes, which means you know what's going t happen (each parent only has one type of gene to give)
Mendel's Law of Segregation
A person's two alleles (one from each parent) got separated from each other during gamete formation
Blending of traits vs. Discrete traits
Blending was the first idea, Mendel went beyond that by looking at the differences
homozygous dominant
Both alleles for a trait are dominant (AA)
homozygous recessive
Both alleles for a trait are recessive (aa)
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetic tags remain in place as genetic information gets passed down through generations.
Mendel's fundamental principles of heredity
Genes carried on chromosomes are the basic functional units of heredity, genes can be replicated, expressed, or mutated
Who was Gregor Mendel
He set framework for genetics
What does the separation allow for in Mendel's law of segregation
It allows alleles to end up in different gamete cells, how recessive alleles come about because there is no longer a dominant one present
Locus
Location of a gene on a chromosome
What's another word for classical genetics?
Mendelion genetics
Codominance
More than 2 alleles are dominant together, so they are both expressed equally
incomplete dominance
Neither allele is 100% dominant, so the phenotype is a mix (blend)
Pleiotrophy
One gene causes several different phenotypes
What are homologous pairs?
Pairs of matching chromosomes that have genes on the same location
Heterozygous
Two different alleles (Aa)
What is half of a chromosome called?
chromatid
polygenic inheritance
occurs when multiple genes determine a characteristic
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors sort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.
