BSC 101 Unit 1 (Inheritance) (4/4)

How many chromosomes do we have?

46 (23 pairs)

monohybrid cross

A cross between two homozygotes, which means you know what's going t happen (each parent only has one type of gene to give)

Mendel's Law of Segregation

A person's two alleles (one from each parent) got separated from each other during gamete formation

Blending of traits vs. Discrete traits

Blending was the first idea, Mendel went beyond that by looking at the differences

homozygous dominant

Both alleles for a trait are dominant (AA)

homozygous recessive

Both alleles for a trait are recessive (aa)

Epigenetic inheritance

Epigenetic tags remain in place as genetic information gets passed down through generations.

Mendel's fundamental principles of heredity

Genes carried on chromosomes are the basic functional units of heredity, genes can be replicated, expressed, or mutated

Who was Gregor Mendel

He set framework for genetics

What does the separation allow for in Mendel's law of segregation

It allows alleles to end up in different gamete cells, how recessive alleles come about because there is no longer a dominant one present

Locus

Location of a gene on a chromosome

What's another word for classical genetics?

Mendelion genetics

Codominance

More than 2 alleles are dominant together, so they are both expressed equally

incomplete dominance

Neither allele is 100% dominant, so the phenotype is a mix (blend)

Pleiotrophy

One gene causes several different phenotypes

What are homologous pairs?

Pairs of matching chromosomes that have genes on the same location

Heterozygous

Two different alleles (Aa)

What is half of a chromosome called?

chromatid

polygenic inheritance

occurs when multiple genes determine a characteristic

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors sort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.