Bushong Chapter 2 Workbook 2-1-2-5
Which of the following statements is true regarding our understanding of atmotic structure A. Rutherford described the nuclear atom B. Rutherford identified cathode rays as particles C. Rutherford is known as the father of radioactivity D. Rutherford was an epicurean and envisioned the atom as something familiar to him- plum pudding
Rutherford described the nuclear atom
Radioactivity
The spontaneous emission of energy or particles by an unstable nuclei
With regard to 99/38 SR +2/3: A.The atomic number is 90 B. The symbolism indicates that this is a radioactive nulcide C. The valence is 3 D. there are 90 neutrons in the nucleus of this atom E. There are a total of 36 electrons in one such atom
There are a total of 36 electrons in one such atom
Gamma ray
Uncharged radiation; highly penetrating
In the rendering of the atom by JJ Thomson
Uniform positive electrification was theorized
When a radioisotope emits a beta particle
a neutron is converted to a proton
Cyclotron radius
a particle accelerator used to produce radioisotopes
beta particle
a particle with a charge of -1.602x10^-19C
gold
a stable atom that can be made radioactive
the shape of the radioactive decay curve is
a straight line on semilog paper
radioactive
a substance composed of atoms with unstable nuclei
which group in the periodic table contains elements that have only one electron in the outer shell
alkali metals
given the general characteristics of ionizing radiation
all photons travel in straight lines, even in the presence of a magnetic field
in the air
alpha particles have a range of 1 to 10 cm
Uranium
an atom that is naturally radioactive
14^C (T 1/2=5730 yr) is used for archeologic dating. Approx how old is a tree specimen that contains 3 nCi/g (110 Bq/g) if the original concentration of radioactivity is know to be: 12 nCi/g (444 Bq/g)?
approximately 11,000 years
electrons are
arranged in orbits around the nucleus
Regarding atomic nomenclature
atomic mass number is a whole number
The periodic table presents the elements in order of
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus is called the
atomic number
which of the following statements about atoms is true
atoms have the same atomic number are atoms of the same element
isotopes are
atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers
isotope
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
which of the following physicists had a major part in describing the atom as we know it today
bohr
when electromagnetic radiation is compared with particulate radiation, it is true that
both interact by ionization and excitation
particulate ionizing radiation
can include any type of subatomic particle
atoms with all electron shells filled are
chemically stable
electromagnetic ionizing radiation
comes from both inside and outside the nucleus
rutherford made what significant contribution to science
description of the nuclear atom
the periodic cart of elements is attributed to
dimitri mendeleev
electrons in the M-shell
do not exceed 18 in number
which of the following is a fundamental particle
electron
which of the following is an example of ionizing radiation
energetic protons
Isomers are atoms that have different
energy states
alpha particles
have an A number of 4
atoms with three electrons in the outer shell
have three valence electrons
radioisotopes
have unstable nuclei
the only element that is not placed in any group of the periodic table is
hydrogen
which of the following statements is true A. A 6000-yd golf course is approx 10^4 m long. B. A football field is approx 10^3 m long C. An atomic nucleus has a diameter of approx 10^-10 m D. In 1 year, light can travel approx 10^16 m E. The wavelength of a 100 keV x-ray is approx 10^-8m
in 1 year, light can travel approximately 10^16 m.
One hundred mCi (3.7 GBq) of an unknown radionuclide has a half life of 15 days. Therefore:
in 3.5 months the activity will be less than 1 mCi
after beta emission, the nucleus has
increased in Z number by 1
the binding energy of an electron to a nucleus
is higher for an L shell electron than for an M shell electron
as compared with particulate radiation, electromagnetic radiation
is more penetrating
the atomic number
is the number of protons
which of the following statements about K, a naturally occurring radionuclide deposited in the body tissues, is true
it contributes to our total radiation exposure
as you move from left to right across the periodic table what happens to the number of outer shell electrons from one element to the next
it increases by 1
which of the following statements about atoms is true
most of the atom is made up of empty space
x-rays and gamma rays are examples of electromagnetic radiation. in addition they both have
no electrostatic charge
x-rays have
no mass and no charge
In the periodic table of elements the group number identifies the
number of electrons allowed in the outer shell
12/6 C and 14/6 C have the same
number of protons
isotopes are atoms
of the same element
what are the two principal classes of ionizing radiation
particulate and electromagnetic
the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called
periods
the atomic mass number of an atom is given by the number of
protons plus neutrons
Alpha particle
radiation that cannot penetrate a sheet of paper material
radioactive half-life is the time
required for radioactivity to reach one half of its original value
beta emission
results in the gain of a proton
alpha emission
results in the loss of 4 amu
all of the following are elements except
steel
Which of the following statements about a given radioisotope is true
the percentage of atoms decaying per unit of time is constant
how does the energy of a gamma ray compare with the energy of an x-ray
the question does not give enough information
the difference between electrons and beta particles is
their origin
the difference between x-rays and gamma rays is
their origin
which of the following is not ionizing radiation
therapeutic ultrasound
which of the following is a transitional element
tungsten
radioisotope
usually produced by particle accelerators from common elements
Potassium is a naturally occurring radioisotope that decays by beta emission. Therefore, the daughter atom
will have 40 nucleons
which of the following types of radiations are emitted from outside the nucleus
x-rays
a neutron has approximately
1 amu and no charge
the amount of energy acquired when an electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 1 V is
1 eV
how many half-lives must elapse before the remaining activity is less than 0.1 % of the original activity
10 half lives
131/53 I has a half life of 13 hr. If the 150 microCi (5.7 MBq) is available at noon weds, approx how much will remain at 5 pm on friday?
10 microCi
When oxygen combines with two atoms of hydrogen to form water, the resultant molecule has a total of
10 protons
approximately how many know elements are there
100
of the following radiations, the most penetrating is a
100 keV gamma ray
tungsten 184/74 W has how many neutrons
110
Which of the following pairs of atoms are isotones?
130/53I and 131/54Xe
how many nucleons does 131/53 I have
131
what is the maximum number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell of an atom in the third period
18
how many different types of nucelons are there
2
In approx how many half-lives will the activity of 10 mCi (0.37 GBq) of I (t1/2=8 days) be reduced to 0.1 mCI (3.7 MBq)?
3.3 half-lives
10 mCI is equivalent to
3.7 10^8 Bq
1 Ci is equivalent to disintegration of how many atoms every second
3.7x10^10
10 mCi of 99m^Tc is a normal patient dose for imaging. How many becquerels is this?
3.7x10^8 Bq
What is the maximum number of electrons permitted in the N shell
32
Given a 50 microCi (0.19 MBq) sample of 131 I (T1/2=8days), The radioactivity will be 3 microCI after approx how many days?
32 days
which of the following pairs of atoms are isobars
3He and 3H
A 10 mCi quantity of 99m Tc (T 1/2=6 hr) is available at 8 am. At noon pm that same day, the radioactivity will be closer to:
5 mCi than to 8 mCi
how many atoms are there in one molecule of sodium bicarbonate
6
If the half life of 131/53 I is 8 days, approx how much 131/53 I remains of an original shipment of 50 microCi (1.9 MBq) after 24 days?
6 microCi
the number of disintergrations per second in 2 mCi of 99mTC is
7.4x10^7
if 129/53 I is a stable, electrically neutral atom, then how many neutrons are there in such an atom
76
An unknown radioisotope is assayed to be 40 microCi (15 MBq) at 9am on monday. An assay at 9 pm on tuesday yields a result in 2.5 microCi (0.1 MBq). What is the half life of the radioisotope?
9 hr
How much 99m^Tc (T1/2=6hr) decays in 24 hrs?
94%
Which of the following statements about atoms is true
A = Z + N
the following atoms are all stable; which has the highest K shell electron binding energy
Hg (mercury)