Bushong Chapter 2 Workbook 2-1-2-5

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Which of the following statements is true regarding our understanding of atmotic structure A. Rutherford described the nuclear atom B. Rutherford identified cathode rays as particles C. Rutherford is known as the father of radioactivity D. Rutherford was an epicurean and envisioned the atom as something familiar to him- plum pudding

Rutherford described the nuclear atom

Radioactivity

The spontaneous emission of energy or particles by an unstable nuclei

With regard to 99/38 SR +2/3: A.The atomic number is 90 B. The symbolism indicates that this is a radioactive nulcide C. The valence is 3 D. there are 90 neutrons in the nucleus of this atom E. There are a total of 36 electrons in one such atom

There are a total of 36 electrons in one such atom

Gamma ray

Uncharged radiation; highly penetrating

In the rendering of the atom by JJ Thomson

Uniform positive electrification was theorized

When a radioisotope emits a beta particle

a neutron is converted to a proton

Cyclotron radius

a particle accelerator used to produce radioisotopes

beta particle

a particle with a charge of -1.602x10^-19C

gold

a stable atom that can be made radioactive

the shape of the radioactive decay curve is

a straight line on semilog paper

radioactive

a substance composed of atoms with unstable nuclei

which group in the periodic table contains elements that have only one electron in the outer shell

alkali metals

given the general characteristics of ionizing radiation

all photons travel in straight lines, even in the presence of a magnetic field

in the air

alpha particles have a range of 1 to 10 cm

Uranium

an atom that is naturally radioactive

14^C (T 1/2=5730 yr) is used for archeologic dating. Approx how old is a tree specimen that contains 3 nCi/g (110 Bq/g) if the original concentration of radioactivity is know to be: 12 nCi/g (444 Bq/g)?

approximately 11,000 years

electrons are

arranged in orbits around the nucleus

Regarding atomic nomenclature

atomic mass number is a whole number

The periodic table presents the elements in order of

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus is called the

atomic number

which of the following statements about atoms is true

atoms have the same atomic number are atoms of the same element

isotopes are

atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers

isotope

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

which of the following physicists had a major part in describing the atom as we know it today

bohr

when electromagnetic radiation is compared with particulate radiation, it is true that

both interact by ionization and excitation

particulate ionizing radiation

can include any type of subatomic particle

atoms with all electron shells filled are

chemically stable

electromagnetic ionizing radiation

comes from both inside and outside the nucleus

rutherford made what significant contribution to science

description of the nuclear atom

the periodic cart of elements is attributed to

dimitri mendeleev

electrons in the M-shell

do not exceed 18 in number

which of the following is a fundamental particle

electron

which of the following is an example of ionizing radiation

energetic protons

Isomers are atoms that have different

energy states

alpha particles

have an A number of 4

atoms with three electrons in the outer shell

have three valence electrons

radioisotopes

have unstable nuclei

the only element that is not placed in any group of the periodic table is

hydrogen

which of the following statements is true A. A 6000-yd golf course is approx 10^4 m long. B. A football field is approx 10^3 m long C. An atomic nucleus has a diameter of approx 10^-10 m D. In 1 year, light can travel approx 10^16 m E. The wavelength of a 100 keV x-ray is approx 10^-8m

in 1 year, light can travel approximately 10^16 m.

One hundred mCi (3.7 GBq) of an unknown radionuclide has a half life of 15 days. Therefore:

in 3.5 months the activity will be less than 1 mCi

after beta emission, the nucleus has

increased in Z number by 1

the binding energy of an electron to a nucleus

is higher for an L shell electron than for an M shell electron

as compared with particulate radiation, electromagnetic radiation

is more penetrating

the atomic number

is the number of protons

which of the following statements about K, a naturally occurring radionuclide deposited in the body tissues, is true

it contributes to our total radiation exposure

as you move from left to right across the periodic table what happens to the number of outer shell electrons from one element to the next

it increases by 1

which of the following statements about atoms is true

most of the atom is made up of empty space

x-rays and gamma rays are examples of electromagnetic radiation. in addition they both have

no electrostatic charge

x-rays have

no mass and no charge

In the periodic table of elements the group number identifies the

number of electrons allowed in the outer shell

12/6 C and 14/6 C have the same

number of protons

isotopes are atoms

of the same element

what are the two principal classes of ionizing radiation

particulate and electromagnetic

the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called

periods

the atomic mass number of an atom is given by the number of

protons plus neutrons

Alpha particle

radiation that cannot penetrate a sheet of paper material

radioactive half-life is the time

required for radioactivity to reach one half of its original value

beta emission

results in the gain of a proton

alpha emission

results in the loss of 4 amu

all of the following are elements except

steel

Which of the following statements about a given radioisotope is true

the percentage of atoms decaying per unit of time is constant

how does the energy of a gamma ray compare with the energy of an x-ray

the question does not give enough information

the difference between electrons and beta particles is

their origin

the difference between x-rays and gamma rays is

their origin

which of the following is not ionizing radiation

therapeutic ultrasound

which of the following is a transitional element

tungsten

radioisotope

usually produced by particle accelerators from common elements

Potassium is a naturally occurring radioisotope that decays by beta emission. Therefore, the daughter atom

will have 40 nucleons

which of the following types of radiations are emitted from outside the nucleus

x-rays

a neutron has approximately

1 amu and no charge

the amount of energy acquired when an electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 1 V is

1 eV

how many half-lives must elapse before the remaining activity is less than 0.1 % of the original activity

10 half lives

131/53 I has a half life of 13 hr. If the 150 microCi (5.7 MBq) is available at noon weds, approx how much will remain at 5 pm on friday?

10 microCi

When oxygen combines with two atoms of hydrogen to form water, the resultant molecule has a total of

10 protons

approximately how many know elements are there

100

of the following radiations, the most penetrating is a

100 keV gamma ray

tungsten 184/74 W has how many neutrons

110

Which of the following pairs of atoms are isotones?

130/53I and 131/54Xe

how many nucleons does 131/53 I have

131

what is the maximum number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell of an atom in the third period

18

how many different types of nucelons are there

2

In approx how many half-lives will the activity of 10 mCi (0.37 GBq) of I (t1/2=8 days) be reduced to 0.1 mCI (3.7 MBq)?

3.3 half-lives

10 mCI is equivalent to

3.7 10^8 Bq

1 Ci is equivalent to disintegration of how many atoms every second

3.7x10^10

10 mCi of 99m^Tc is a normal patient dose for imaging. How many becquerels is this?

3.7x10^8 Bq

What is the maximum number of electrons permitted in the N shell

32

Given a 50 microCi (0.19 MBq) sample of 131 I (T1/2=8days), The radioactivity will be 3 microCI after approx how many days?

32 days

which of the following pairs of atoms are isobars

3He and 3H

A 10 mCi quantity of 99m Tc (T 1/2=6 hr) is available at 8 am. At noon pm that same day, the radioactivity will be closer to:

5 mCi than to 8 mCi

how many atoms are there in one molecule of sodium bicarbonate

6

If the half life of 131/53 I is 8 days, approx how much 131/53 I remains of an original shipment of 50 microCi (1.9 MBq) after 24 days?

6 microCi

the number of disintergrations per second in 2 mCi of 99mTC is

7.4x10^7

if 129/53 I is a stable, electrically neutral atom, then how many neutrons are there in such an atom

76

An unknown radioisotope is assayed to be 40 microCi (15 MBq) at 9am on monday. An assay at 9 pm on tuesday yields a result in 2.5 microCi (0.1 MBq). What is the half life of the radioisotope?

9 hr

How much 99m^Tc (T1/2=6hr) decays in 24 hrs?

94%

Which of the following statements about atoms is true

A = Z + N

the following atoms are all stable; which has the highest K shell electron binding energy

Hg (mercury)


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