BUSI

Which type of firm displays a more cautious strategy toward innovation and tends to operate in more stable environments?

Defender

______ firms tend to adopt complementary technologies that expand on what they are already doing, rather than expanding into completely unfamiliar territory.

Defender

What is it called when two or more companies jointly develop a new technology?

A research partnership

Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success?

A strategy that is focused on customers A culture that empowers and motivates employees

If change is going to be successful, organizations need to permanently rekindle individual creativity and responsibility. People must be both ______ and implementers.

supporters

A sudden or an unexpected change can lead to resistance due to the change being a ._____

surprise

The systematic application of scientific knowledge to any product, process, or service is called ______.

technology

Gorda Engineering needs to assess its current technology base and determine which technologies are needed for the organization to smoothly function. Gorda must conduct a(n) ______.

technology audit

The process of identifying which technologies are most important for an organization is called a(n) ______.

technology audit

The sharing of technology among companies, a practice called technology ______, allows access to new technologies that would be expensive to develop independently.

trading

The belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both, and that only one goal and not another can be attained is referred to as ______.

tyranny of the or

What is the result of the high profits often made by first-adopters?

The ability to attract customers with low prices.

What feature does technology followership share with technology leadership?

The ability to support both low-cost and differentiation strategies.

True or False: In many industries, the primary sources of new technology are the organizations that use it.

True

What type of firm stays technologically competitive but allows others to discover strong demand in new enterprises before they follow suit?

analyzer

The systemwide application of behavioral science to organizational effectiveness is called organization ______.

development

A ______ is an organization's concentrated attempt to create a new product or process through the use of technological innovations.

development project

In some cases, new technology can completely change the rules of competition within an industry. Technology in those cases is often called a ______ innovation because companies can falter if they fail to respond with effective innovations of their own.

disruptive

Sony Betamax was technologically superior to VHS, but VHS became more popular, and Betamax was discontinued due to poor sales. Betamax had issues with ______.

economic viability

A(n) ______ devises new products or finds ways to revise old products.

entrepreneur

The support and protection of a(n) ______ can enable new technology by making resources available to develop it.

executive champion

Assessing the limitations of a technology is known as determining the technological ______ of the innovation.

feasibility

Using behavioral science throughout the system to improve an organization's effectiveness is known as ______.

organization development

Executives in ______ firms are more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail.

prospector

A person who serves as a product champion in a company is _______.

someone who promotes the new technology throughout the organization

Which term describes changes in the way outputs (goods or services) are produced?

Process innovation

Which of the following could be a disruptive innovation?

Product Service Business model

What is the technology life cycle?

A predictable pattern that technical innovations follow.

What is one thing a company can do if it needs to acquire proprietary technology but it does not have the available skills and resources associated with developing the technology?

Acquire the owner of the technology

World-class organizations do which of the following?

Adopt effective new strategies Produce high-value merchandise Abandon outdated methods

______ firms adopt an early-follower strategy and then use their marketing and manufacturing strengths to dominate the market.

Analyzer

When an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it is known as a " _____ -or-"_____ decision.

Blank 1: make Blank 2: buy

Which of the following are disadvantages of being a first-mover?

Buyers need to be educated about the new technology. Many new products require the development of expensive complimentary products. New technology can make the company's existing products undesirable.

How can managers make sure technology improves workers' lives and reaches its potential?

By training workers to control the technology

A development project is an intense organizational push to do what?

Create a new product or process based on technological innovation.

Which two categories make up the largest percentage of technology adopters?

Early majority Late majority

______ tells whether there is a good financial incentive for adopting a technological innovation.

Economic viability

Which of these are still under development and thus unproven?

Emerging technologies

Which term describes someone who invents new products or finds ways to revise old products?

Entrepreneur

`Which sentences accurately describe the technology life cycle?

Eventually product development slows and the market gets saturated. Its early stages can be slow while companies experiment with products. In the middle of the cycle, a dominant design becomes prominent.

What is the main thing a company must allow if innovation is to thrive?

Failure

Which of the following statements accurately describe first-mover advantages?

First-movers can protect their technology by using patents. First-movers are able to find the best niche markets. First-movers can charge higher prices because they have little competition.

For which of the following reasons might a firm choose to trade technology?

For cost efficiencies

What is one option for a company if it needs a nonproprietary technology that is not available for sale?

Form a research partnership

Which groups are likely to develop new technology?

Government agencies Universities Manufacturers

Which of the following describes an executive champion?

Has the prestige, authority, and funding to support an innovation

Which sentences accurately describe the technology life cycle?

In the middle of the cycle, a dominant design becomes prominent. Its early stages can be slow while companies experiment with products. Eventually product development slows and the market gets saturated.

In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, which of the following characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations?

Individual responsibility Shared leadership Individual creativity

Even after word processing became an accepted technology, some people still resisted using it because they were comfortable with their old ways of preparing documents. What is the term for this type of resistance to change?

Inertia

Which of these is NOT a term for someone who plays a key role in acquiring and developing new technologies?

Innovation specialist

Which option is most likely to ensure that an organization will enjoy exclusive use of new technology?

Internal development

How can being a first-mover be a disadvantage to a company?

It is expensive for first-movers to develop products based on new technology.

What is the disadvantage of developing new technology within a company?

It requires additional funding and staff.

What is the disadvantage of purchasing a new technology?

It will not offer a competitive advantage.

What are the most common reasons that innovation fails to generate profits in business?

Lack of coordinated efforts Money being spent on the wrong things Unwillingness to take risks

Which strategy lets a company maintain an advantage by being less expensive than its competitors?

Low-cost

Which of the following statements are true concerning how managers should integrate new technology into the workplace?

Managers should make sure technology serves the workers. It may be wise to change HR practices when new technology is introduced.

Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies?

Operating at high standards Applying new research and knowledge

What is the term for using behavioral science throughout the system to improve organizational effectiveness?

Organization development

______ is the umbrella concept that refers to the development, improvement, and reinforcement of the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness.

Organization development

Which technologies have yet to prove their full value but could potentially offer significant competitive advantage?

Pacing

Sometimes two or more companies cooperate to pursue specific new technology development, bringing together diverse skills and/or resources. Which two terms describe this type of enterprise?

Research partnership Joint venture

What graphical representation represents the adoption of a typical new technology?

S-shape

______ is resistance to change caused by a fear of losing something of value.

Self-interest

Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies?

Strong core values Strong goals, including stretch goals Continuous change

What are the four key factors that lead organizations to sustained success?

Structure should make the organization easy to work in. Strategy should be focused on customers. Execution includes good people with the authority to make decisions. Culture should motivate and empower.

Which of the following are terms for the players in acquiring and developing new technologies?

Technical innovator Product champion

_____ is the systematic application of scientific knowledge to yield products, processes, or services.

Technology

How does followership affect companies?

Technology followership affects different companies in different ways. Followers can avoid costs and risks by observing the actions of leaders.

What basic rules from the 3M company are often copied to encourage innovation?

The company's efforts are directed toward serving customers. Research and development are strongly supported. Instead of blocking what employees are trying to do, the company helps its team succeed.

Which of the following are sources of new technologies?

The government Suppliers Universities

An apparel manufacturer wants to develop a technology for a temperature-regulating textile that adjusts automatically to the wearer's body temperature, but the manufacturer is not sure whether such a textile can be developed. What is the company unsure about?

The innovation's technical feasibility

Which of the following statements are true about a person who plays the role of a product champion in a company?

The person promotes the idea throughout the organization. The person may be risking his or her position and reputation to promote the product.

Which statements accurately describe emerging technologies?

They may significantly alter the rules of competition in the future. They are not fully developed.

Which of the following are reasons for people to resist change within an organization?

Timing Surprise Inertia

Which beliefs are examples of "tyranny of the or"?

You can invest in the future or do well short term. You can be conservative or bold.

Although they are useful for keeping discipline and productivity in a company, the administrative personnel that form a company's ______ typically inhibit innovation.

bureaucracy

The main job of a(n) ______ structure is to maintain orderliness and productivity, which restricts innovation.

bureaucratic

When a company cannot develop its own technology, it might pay another organization, such as an independent or government research laboratory, to invent what it needs. This is called ______ development

contracted

In ______, a company pays another organization (such as an independent or government research laboratory) to invent technology for it.

contracted development

Sometimes employees resist change because they feel comfortable and happy doing things the old way. This is called ______.

inertia

When an organization allows itself to become comfortable with the old ways of doing things and resists trying something new, it is exhibiting ______.

inertia

Any new way of working that creates value is called ______.

innovation

In management, a change in method or technology that leads to a useful new way of doing things is called ______.

innovation

Successfully managing change requires shared _____

leadership

Companies that excel at solving problems, seeking and finding new approaches, and sharing new knowledge with all members of an organization are called ______ organizations.

learning

Companies can _____ technology for a fee when they need technologies that are not easy to buy.

license

When companies need technologies that are not easy to buy, they can ______ the technology for a fee.

license

The generic strategy in which an organization's advantage comes from being able to sell products at lower prices than its competitors is referred to as a(n) ______ strategy.

low-cost

The question an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it is known as a(n) ______ decision.

make-or-buy

The first thing to consider when developing a strategy around a technological innovation is _____ potential.

market

When developing a strategy around technological innovation, managers should first consider ______ potential.

market

When computer-aided manufacturing was first introduced, companies did not understand its full potential, but firms that used it quickly experienced significant speed and cost advantages. This is an example of a(n) ______ technology.

pacing

If a group is tight-knit and not particularly fond of management, ____ pressure may cause resistance to change.

peer

Flexible manufacturing practices, such as just-in-time, mass customization, and simultaneous engineering, are all referred to as ______.

process innovations

An accounting firm gets the most up-to-date computer software at a discount from an online vendor. This is an example of obtaining new technology through ______.

purchase

In most situations, the easiest and most cost-effective way to obtain new technology is to ______.

purchase it

Companies that have achieved long-term greatness tend to care most about competing with ______.

their own past successes

Eric is a sales manager for a textile company. He has just been told that the software conversion that he suggested is finally going to occur this week. Eric's annual sales report is due Friday. Eric would most likely resist this change because of ______.

timing

Managers introducing change when employees are stressed or busy may face resistance to change due to poor ______.

timing