Business 110 Chapter One and Two

. it maximizes total, net happiness

According to the utilitarian theory, an action is morally right if and only if

. in a moral discussion, clarifying the facts and spelling out the principles to which people are appealing can help us to reach a solution

For those who are trying to make moral decisions,

based on facts and acceptable moral principles

Good moral judgments should be logical and

It's necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings

How did Aristotle view morality

its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.

If an argument is valid, then

you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your self-interest.

If you adopt ethical egoism as your moral code, then

was in accordance with duty, but not done from duty

Imagine a shopkeeper who is honest because being honest is good for business. When the shopkeeper refrains from cheating a customer, Kant would say this action

has its own special moral rules, divorced from ordinary morality

In the essay, "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?" Albert Carr insists that business

Can sometimes conflict

Morality and self-interest

morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals.

Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that

believe that the optimal moral code will not normally produce 100% compliance.

Rule utilitarians

Hypothetical Imperative

"If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of

a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way

The statement that best defines rights is

Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interest.

Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which of the following provides a reason for this

an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness

Utilitarians believe that

If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.

What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with

we have various moral duties that can't be reduced to a single, overarching obligation.

According to W. D. Ross's theory

we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means

A key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that:

effects, ideals, and obligations.

A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of

it's not true that morality must be based on religion

A proper perspective of religion and morality is

generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake

Accepting a moral principle

good will is the only thing that is good in itself

According to Kant

etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy

Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette

Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility

Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral behavior

states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results

Consequentialism

states that self-interest is the only thing that ever motivates anyone

Egoism as a psychological theory

what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

Ethical relativism supports the theory that

in a way that we can will the maxim of our action to become a universal law

Kant believed that we should always act

To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values

Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?

the revision and modification of arguments.

Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves

actions that it would be good to do but not immoral not to do

Supererogatory actions are

bystander apathy

The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate

utilitarianism may lead to conclusions that conflict with commonsense morality

The case of the "deathbed promise" shows that

can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations

The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts

stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

The divine command theory implies that

we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.

The example of Huckleberry Finn shows

even temporary groups can pressure people to conform

The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show

All sound arguments are valid arguments

The following is a logical fact

Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results

The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:

we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right

When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that

the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise

When religion and morality are considered

moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interes

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards

Unlike Mill, Bentham was only concerned with the amount of pleasure that an action produces, not the quality of the pleasure

Which of the following considerations about utilitarianism is correct

Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession

Which of the following is an accurate statement

contractual law

Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law

. He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality.

Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant's beliefs

Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately, but in the long run as well

Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs

Rightness is determined by what will bring about the most good

Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief

Human rights are equal rights; if X is a human right, then everyone has this right.

Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights

Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.

Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?