Business 110 Chapter One and Two
. it maximizes total, net happiness
According to the utilitarian theory, an action is morally right if and only if
. in a moral discussion, clarifying the facts and spelling out the principles to which people are appealing can help us to reach a solution
For those who are trying to make moral decisions,
based on facts and acceptable moral principles
Good moral judgments should be logical and
It's necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings
How did Aristotle view morality
its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.
If an argument is valid, then
you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your self-interest.
If you adopt ethical egoism as your moral code, then
was in accordance with duty, but not done from duty
Imagine a shopkeeper who is honest because being honest is good for business. When the shopkeeper refrains from cheating a customer, Kant would say this action
has its own special moral rules, divorced from ordinary morality
In the essay, "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?" Albert Carr insists that business
Can sometimes conflict
Morality and self-interest
morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals.
Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that
believe that the optimal moral code will not normally produce 100% compliance.
Rule utilitarians
Hypothetical Imperative
"If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of
a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way
The statement that best defines rights is
Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interest.
Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which of the following provides a reason for this
an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness
Utilitarians believe that
If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.
What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with
we have various moral duties that can't be reduced to a single, overarching obligation.
According to W. D. Ross's theory
we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means
A key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that:
effects, ideals, and obligations.
A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of
it's not true that morality must be based on religion
A proper perspective of religion and morality is
generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake
Accepting a moral principle
good will is the only thing that is good in itself
According to Kant
etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy
Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette
Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility
Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral behavior
states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results
Consequentialism
states that self-interest is the only thing that ever motivates anyone
Egoism as a psychological theory
what is morally right is what society says is morally right.
Ethical relativism supports the theory that
in a way that we can will the maxim of our action to become a universal law
Kant believed that we should always act
To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values
Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?
the revision and modification of arguments.
Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves
actions that it would be good to do but not immoral not to do
Supererogatory actions are
bystander apathy
The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate
utilitarianism may lead to conclusions that conflict with commonsense morality
The case of the "deathbed promise" shows that
can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations
The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts
stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.
The divine command theory implies that
we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.
The example of Huckleberry Finn shows
even temporary groups can pressure people to conform
The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show
All sound arguments are valid arguments
The following is a logical fact
Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results
The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:
we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right
When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise
When religion and morality are considered
moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interes
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards
Unlike Mill, Bentham was only concerned with the amount of pleasure that an action produces, not the quality of the pleasure
Which of the following considerations about utilitarianism is correct
Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession
Which of the following is an accurate statement
contractual law
Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law
. He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality.
Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant's beliefs
Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately, but in the long run as well
Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs
Rightness is determined by what will bring about the most good
Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief
Human rights are equal rights; if X is a human right, then everyone has this right.
Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights
Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.
Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?