Business English Guffey Chapter 4

subject pronouns complement

Subject complement- renames subject with a pronoun The top applicant is *he*

whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb

that pronoun will be in the subjective case

Wozniak is a technology entrepreneur (who, whom) we believe has changed the way we work with data.

who Which is correct? he/him has changed the way he=who

This is the applicant (who, whom) impressed the hiring team.

who Which is correct? he/him impressed the hiring team. he=who

Steve Wozniak, (who, whom) invented the Apple 1 computer in 1975, launched a tech revolution.

who Which is correct? he/him invented the apple he=who

(Who, Whom) may I say is calling?

who Which is correct? may I say he/him is calling he=who

Do you know (whose, who's) been invited to give the keynote address?

who's contraction for *who has*

I have hotel and restaurant recommendations for (whoever, whomever) plans to travel to Portugal this summer.

whoever Which is correct? (he who/him who) plans to travel

He wanted to make the first personal computer affordable for (whoever, whomever) wanted to buy one.

whoever Which is correct? (he who/him who) wanted to buy one he who-whoever

The promotion will be given to (whoever, whomever) has the highest sales figures this year

whoever Which is correct? he/him has the highest sales figures. he=whoever

When I call your firm, for (who, whom) should I ask?

whom Which is correct? I should ask for him/him him=whom

Ralph Dupree is the investment counselor of (who, whom) I spoke

whom Which is correct? I spoke of he/him him=whom

(Who, Whom) have you asked to maintain our company's social media accounts?

whom Which is correct? we have asked he/him to maintain him=whom

statements of comparison/Comparatives definition

words are often implied but not actually stated often introduced by words such as than or as Webster is more jealous than he. (implied) is jealous.

pronouns

words that substitute for nouns and other pronouns John will be happy when *his* package arrives.

Yahoo experienced the largest data (a) breach, (b) breech in history; over 3 billion user accounts were compromised

(a) breach

Read the following sentences and identify one pronoun error Every one of the women was pleased with their pay increase.

"their" should be replaced with *her* "Every one" is singular

The Beatles had (a) its, (b) their start in Liverpool, England, in 1960.

(a) its companies, organizations, sports teams, and musical groups all are generally considered singular.

Read the following sentences and identify one pronoun error Do you know who we will be sending to represent us at the hearing?

"who" should be replaced with *whom* we are sending he/him him=whom

Read the following sentences and identify one pronoun error All Apple employees, except for CEO Tim Cook, will receive 50 GB of free iCloud storage for his or her photo and music files

"his or her" should be *their* "All Apple employees" is plural

(a) Everyone, (b) Every one of the ideas was discussed thoroughly.

(b) Every one Everyone (one word) should be used when referring to all the people within a group. A good way to remember this is to note that the pronoun everyone may be replaced by everybody. Every one (two words) should be used when referring to each individual member of a group

In some doctors' offices (a) you, (b)patients are not allowed to use cell phones

(b)patients *you* is too vague

Be sure to (a) backup, (b) back-up, (c) back up your files before going home tonight

(c) back up The one-word "backup" is in the dictionary as a noun, as in "I need backup" or "When you save the file, create a backup." But the verb form is two words, "back up," as in, "You should back up that data immediately.

All (a) stewards, (b) stewardesses, (c) flight attendants must pass a rigorous safety training program

(c) flight attendants gender neutral is preferred in formal writing

Rewrite the following sentences to avoid gender-biased pronouns. Show three versions of each sentence. Every arriving passenger must have his luggage searched by customs officials.

1. Each arriving passenger must have his or her luggage searched by customs officials. 2. Arriving passengers must have their luggage searched by customs officials. 3. An arriving passenger must have all luggage searched by customs officials. (replaced pronoun with article)

subject complements.

A pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject. It must be a subject pronoun *(I, we, you, he, she, it, they)* It *is she* who will be promoted to the management position. (Not her) I am sure it *was he* who sent the text message. (Not him) If you *were I*, what would you do? (Not me)

Write a complete sentence that uses the words shown. Except for Sam and (pronoun)

Except for Sam and him, we all love pugs. An object pronoun (him, her, them, us, me) is used after a preposition phrase using *except for*, *between*, *but*, *like*, Except for Sam and you, we all love pugs.

Select the correct pronoun If I were (he/him), I would decline the offer.

He Both subject pronouns must match so the first *I* must be matched with one of the following subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it,

Select the correct pronoun Joe Smith said it was (he/him)who used the printer last.

He Joe Smith is the subject so the pronoun that matches has to be a subject pronoun

Corey has been with the company six months longer than (I, me)

I comparison statement: to determine the correct pronoun in a partially completed comparison mentally finish the sentence with the rest of the comparison. Corey has been with the company six months longer than (I, me) have been at the company.

Select the correct pronoun If you were (I/me) what would you do?

I informally, people use *me*. If using formal language *I* is the correct choice. If you were *I* what would you do? Formal If you were *me* what would you do? INFORMAL

Using pronouns with a verb phrase examples:

It might *have been they* who approved the request for leave. (Not them) The driver *could have been he*. (Not him) If the manager *had been I*, your money would have been refunded. (Not me)

Write a complete sentence that uses the words shown. Just between you and (pronoun)

Just between you and me, Genna loves pugs.

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. (Mine, My) is the fourth office on the right past the break room.

Mine *MY* is a possessive adjective *mine* is a possessive pronoun. Use *my* where you already have a noun (such as question) and want to indicate ownership. Use *mine* in place of another noun when it's understood what's being discussed.

Are hisself, themself, and theirselves acceptable words?

No, dear god, no...

Appositives

Phrases, usually separated by commas, that describe/explain/rename a noun or pronoun that precedes them like a complement from chapter 2- but right after- not on either end of the sentence We *teachers* are devoted to our students. (Ignore the appositive teachers.) A decision must be made by us *employees*. (Ignore the appositive employees)

Should a hyphen be used in the words dissimilar, nonresponsive, preexisting, overqualified, or undercapitalized? p104

Prefixes such as dis, non, and pre do not require hyphens. The only exception is when the prefix non is followed by a proper noun: non-American, non-Catholic,

What is Pronoun-Antecedent agreement? Technical definition

Pronouns that substitute for nouns must agree with their antecedents (the nouns to which they refer) in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter).

what type of error results when using reflexive pronouns instead of personal pronouns?

Send your ideas to either Jacob or *me*. (don't use myself) Helen, Benjamin, and *I* analyzed the research results. (don't use myself) If no previously mentioned noun or pronoun is stated in the same sentence, use a personal pronoun instead of a reflexive pronoun.

Write a complete sentence that uses the words shown. The two sales representatives, Paul and (pronoun)

The two sales representatives, Paul and he, love pugs.

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. (There's, Theres, Theirs) not a lot we can do about the decision

There's (there is) never use theres Theirs is possessive- not appropriate here

Rule for using pronouns with a verb phrase:

When a sentence includes a verb phrase, look at the *final* word of the verb phrase. *IMPORTANT RULE whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case* were quickly running; might *have been*, could *have been*, should *have been* driving *had been*, Would like ate and drank; read Mary the article

We are not sure (who, whom) discovered the security breach.

Who Which is correct? he/him discovered the security breach. he=who

(Who, Whom) do you recommend for the new diversity officer position?

Whom Which is correct? We would recommend he/him him= Whom

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. (Your, You're) going to love the new James Bond film.

You're (you are) your is possessive

indirect object

a noun or pronoun that answers the question To whom?, To what?, For whom?, or For what? The attorney sent *them* signed copies of the contract.

direct object

a noun or pronoun that answers the question What? or Whom? Can you meet *them* at the airport at 10 a.m.? (Direct object)

Choose the better of the following sentences. a. Neither the glamour nor the excitement of the job had lost its appeal. b. Neither the glamour nor the excitement of the job had lost their appeal.

a. Neither the glamour nor the excitement of the job had lost *its* appeal. *neither* usually results in singular usage

Singular or Plural Indefinite pronouns

all any more most none some

Always Singular indefinite pronouns

anybody anyone Always anything everybody everyone each either every everything neither no one nobody nothing something someone somebody

Choose the better of the following sentences. a. Anyone in the department can share their suggestions for increasing sales. b. All department members can share their suggestions for increasing sales

b. All department members can share their suggestions for increasing sales The other one has *anyone* singular, and *their* plural

Choose the better of the following sentences. a. Before an employee is promoted, he must meet with a supervisor. b. Before employees are promoted, they must meet with a supervisor.

b. Before employees are promoted, they must meet with a supervisor. gender neutral sentences are preferred

Choose the better of the following sentences. a. An employee is not required to retire when they reach the age of sixty-five. b. No employees are required to retire when they reach the age of sixty-five.

b. No employees are required to retire when they reach the age of sixty-five. the other has *an employee*-singular and *they* which is plural

Collective nouns

collection of people, animals, or objects. Examples are jury, faculty, committee, staff, union, team, flock, and group.

Define who's

contraction of "who is" or "who has." Please let me know who's on call this evening. (Who is on call) Do you know who's already been trained on the new software? (Who has been trained)

Select the correct pronoun The intruder was taken to be (he/him).

he whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case Quick test: to test reverse the pronoun and its antecedent and see if it still works He/Him was taken to be the intruder.

Select the correct pronoun Voter polls indicate that the new supervisor will be (he/him).

he. Quick test: to test reverse the pronoun and its antecedent and see if it still works Voter polls indicate that he/him will be the new supervisor whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case

Select the correct pronoun Professor Smith declared the scholarship winner to be (her/she).

her !!!!! EXCEPTION TO whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case !!!!! if you have a subject, *scholarship winner* then a version of *to be*-- be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been. *to be* and then a pronoun that immediately renames the subject, the pronoun must be an object pronoun *her* The reversal trick works here too!!! Professor Smith declared her/she to be the scholarship winner. Any singular object pronoun works here me, you, him, her, it,

Every woman in the martial arts class had to purchase (a) her, (b) their own safety equipment

her *every*= singular. must use *her*

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. The bright red MINI Cooper is (her's, hers)

hers never use her's

Our CEO said that no other employees are quite like Cathy Paulson and (he, him).

him Our CEO said that no other employees are quite like _________.

Every man, woman, and child in the club made (a) his, (b) her, (c) his or her, (d) their own contribution to the used clothing drive.

his or her "every" is singular so the pronoun must be singular

Select the correct pronoun Zappos.com posted (a) their, (b) its new vision statement online.

its companies, organizations, sports teams, and musical groups all are generally considered singular.

President Trump asked for tax reform, and Congress indicated (a) its, (b) their willingness to approve the changes

its congress is referred to as a unit so it is singular.

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. The city is proud of (it's, its) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program.

its it's is contraction for it is

Difference between fiancé or fiancée?

man you are going to marry is your fiancé, a woman engaged to be married is a fiancée

difference between maybe and may be

maybe- perhaps (Maybe we will go to the zoo.) may be = can be (He may really be correct after all.)

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. Please submit your travel request to Elizabeth or I by December 31

me ignore *Elizabeth or* only *me* works

antecedents

nouns to which a pronoun refers *John* will be happy when his package arrives.

Select the correct pronoun Most committee members assumed that the chairperson would be (her/she).

she Quick test: to test reverse the pronoun and its antecedent and see if it still works Most committee members assumed that her/she would be the chairperson. She works. whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case any of these would have worked in the sentence he, she, you, I

Select the correct pronoun I am sure that it was (she/her) who called this morning.

she whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case

Many interns are excited about having (a) his, (b) his or her, (c) their names mentioned in the company newsletter.

their *many interns* plural . Needs a plural pronoun

Read the following sentences and identify one pronoun error Disneyland announced that their ticket prices would increase right before the Memorial Day weekend.

their should be *its* companies, organizations, sports teams, and musical groups all are generally considered singular.

Select the correct pronoun Rob and Zach were certain it was not (they/them) who caused the network to crash.

they Quick test: to test reverse the pronoun and its antecedent and see if it still works They/Them were certain it was not Rob and Zach who caused the network to crash.

Select the correct pronoun Do you think it was (they/them) who left the door open overnight?

they whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. Just between you and I, neither Kris nor he met the monthly quota.

*I* is wrong In standard English, it's grammatically correct to say "between you and me" and incorrect to say "between you and I."

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. Her boyfriend loves Indian food as much as her.

*her* is wrong *she* would correctly replace it comparison statement: to determine the correct pronoun in a partially completed comparison mentally finish the sentence with the rest of the comparison. Her boyfriend loves Indian food as much as *her/she loves Indian food.*

Linking verbs list

Am, is, are, being, been, and be do, does, did, Have, has, had, shall, should was, were, will, would,

Believe me, no one knows what our research team has been working on better than (I, me).

I comparison statement: to determine the correct pronoun in a partially completed comparison mentally finish the sentence with the rest of the comparison. Believe me, no one knows what our research team has been working on better than (I, me) know what our research team has been working on.

My colleague and (I, me) plan to expand our operations overseas

I __________ plan to expand our operations overseas

Examples of the IGNORING Technique

Ignore the bolded when considering: *You and* I must discuss the new benefits package. (Ignore *You and*.) (Compound subject—use a subject pronoun) Morgan asked *you and* me for advice. (Ignore *you and*.) (Compound object—use an object pronoun) Would you like *Rasheed and* them to help you? (Ignore *Rasheed and*.) (Compound object—use an object pronoun)

How can you choose the right pronoun when they appear in a combination with other nouns? example: George and she/her will go to the movies.

Ignore the extra noun or pronoun and its related conjunction (usually and), and consider separately the pronoun in question to determine what type of pronoun it should be *Stephen and* she began the management training program. (Ignore *Stephen and*.) (Compound subject—use a subject pronoun)

What about Whoever and Whomever?

Same as who and whom. Rephrase into question. Answer question with he or him. Use *Who* if he answers the question. Use *whom* if him answers the question Please hire (whoever/whomever) you think is most qualified for the position who is most qualified? He is. use *whoever* I will send the paperwork to (whoever/whomever) you select. who do I send paperwork too? him. use *whomever*.

Use *breech* in a sentence p 104

The breech of the gun blew apart due to a malfunction.

Possessive pronouns examples

These reserved seats are theirs. [Never their's] Canada's health care is single payer, but its is not. Is this credit card yours? [Never your's] Hers was the best presentation. [Never Her's] That vacation home is ours. [Never our's

Careful speakers and writers should use subject pronouns after linking verbs. Examples of right and wrong

WRONG- It's me. CORRECT- It is I. WRONG-This is her. CORRECT-This is she. If those sound too formal/stupid you should revise your sentence so you can use correct grammar. Hello, this is Mary. Hello, Mary speaking.

reflexive pronoun examples

We decided to renovate the house ourselves. (Ourselves reflects on We.) Hannah planned the entire trip herself. (Herself reflects on Hannah.) Our cat lets itself out each evening. (Itself reflects on cat.) Do you yourself believe he is the right one for the job? (Yourself emphasizes you.) The president himself greeted each voter. (Himself emphasizes president.) They themselves admitted to knowing about the fraud. (Themselves emphasizes They

preposition

a connecting word that joins a noun or pronoun to the sentence

difference between apart and a part pg 105

apart- keep them apart or they will fight a part- I want to be a part of the party planning.

Always Plural Indefinite pronouns

both, few, many, several

We tried to contact (he and she, him and her) in Beijing

him and her if the pronoun is *after the verb* it is usually an object pronoun verb *contact* object pronoun *him and her*

Define Whose.

the possessive form of the pronoun who We are still trying to decide whose business proposal looks most promising. Whose applications were submitted by the deadline?

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. CEO Ed Bastian and her discussed how to improve public relations at Delta Air Lines after passengers were stranded for hours at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport because of a power outage

*her* is wrong use he, she, you, or I "CEO Ed Bastian and her" is the subject of the sentence so "her" should be a subject pronoun. her comes directly before the verb

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. If neither Matt nor I receive an e-mail confirmation of our itinerary, him and I cannot make the trip

*him* is wrong *he* would correctly replace it test by ignoring "and I" then *he* works

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. Because of it's success, our organization's diversity program is being expanded.

*it's* is wrong *its* is possessive "it's" means it is

Identify the 1 pronoun error in each sentence. E-mail messages intended for she and Randolph were accidentally forwarded to the entire department.

*she* is wrong *her* would correctly replace it ignore *and Randolf* and reread it. *her* works.

Describe 3 ways you can make the following sentence gender neutral *A passenger must show his passport before boarding.*

1. Make the subject plural to avoid the need for a singular pronoun. remember to make objects plural too. Passengers must show their passports before boarding. 2. Use an article [a] to replace the pronoun. A passenger must show a passport before boarding. 3. Use both masculine and feminine pronouns [his or her]. *Clunky Avoid if possible* A passenger must show his or her passport before boarding. *NEVER* A passenger must show their passport before boarding.- Their is plural but passenger is singular This is a likely *what is the best way to write this* kind of question for a quiz

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

1. Make your pronoun reference clear When Prim played with Katniss, *she* was not always happy. (Who was not happy?) *They* say we will have 3 feet of snow. (WHO says?) These need to be reworded to fix them. 2. Pronouns must agree with the number of the antecedent Kyle was thrilled *they* was accepted into vet school. (Kyle is 1 person) replace with he An employee must wash their hands. (an employee is 1 person) replace with *his or her* 3. Pronouns must agree with the antecedent's gender. Elon Musk discussed *her* latest creative endeavor. (should be Masculine gender) Kathy Overby reported on *his* business trip to Venice. (should be Feminine gender) The suggestion has *its* strong points. (Neuter gender works for things without gender)

How many type of pronouns are there? pg 103

8 (or 7) depending on if you count possessive separately) Personal pronouns replace nouns or other pronouns Singular: I, we, you, he, she, it, they Plural: me, us, you, him, her, it, them, Possessive pronouns indicate possession. my, mine, our, ours, your, yours, his, her, its, their, theirs Demonstrative pronouns designate specific persons or things. this, these, that, those Reflexive pronouns emphasize or reflect on antecedents. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, Indefinite pronouns replace nouns, but do not refer to any specific person or object.everyone, anyone, someone, each, everybody, anybody, one, none, some, all, Relative pronouns join subordinate clauses to antecedents. who, whose, whom, which, that, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever Interrogative pronouns replace nouns in a question. whose, whom, which, what Reciprocal pronouns indicate mutual relationship. each other, one another

Use *breach* in a sentence. p104

A breach of contract is "a failure to do what is required by a law, an agreement, or a duty".

List of prepositions

Aboard, About, Above, Across, After, Against, Along, Among, Around, As, At, Before, Behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, considering, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, pending, per, regarding, since, through, throughout, to, toward, towards, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without

Company and Organization Names as Antecedents

Company and organization names, including names of sports teams and musical groups, are generally considered singular. The band Counting Crows got *its* start in Berkeley, California. The Washington Nationals *has* never played in the World Series.

Demonstrative Pronouns Versus Demonstrative Adjectives examples

Demonstrative Pronouns This is where we will hold our retreat. That is my idea of a good meal. These will have to be approved first. Do those come in a lighter shade? Demonstrative Adjectives This hotel is where we will hold our retreat. That steak is my idea of a good meal. These expenses will have to be approved first. Do those shoes come in a lighter shade

Demonstrative Pronouns Versus Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative pronouns take the place of nouns (USUALLY followed by a linking verb- is, will, come...) *This* is a good meal. demonstrative adjectives are always followed by nouns. *This* salad is a good meal.

What should you do if there are unrelated words and phrases between a pronoun and its antecedent?

Disregard phrases such as those introduced by *as well as, in addition to, together with, and along with*. *The president*, together with his cabinet members, is sending *his* personal thanks. *The cabinet members*, along with the president, are sending *their* personal thanks. *A female* member of the group of protesting employees demanded that *she* be treated equally.

Examples using Indefinite pronouns

Each of the corporations maintains its own Instagram account. (The antecedent Each is singular and neutral.) Few of our employees have their own private offices. (The antecedent Few is plural. Notice that offices is also plural.) Several of our branches list their job openings on the company's website. (The antecedent *Several* is plural. and *openings* is plural to match)

Write a complete sentence that uses the words shown. My supervisor and (pronoun)

My supervisor and I love pugs. Ignore *My supervisor and* Use *I* Both my supervisor and you love pugs. if you use *you* for make-your-own sentences it is harder to screw up. BECAUSE *you* is a subject, object, singular, and plural pronoun

How to Choose Between who and who

Test 1: If you can answer the question with "he"' or "'she," use who. If you can answer it with "him" or "her," use whom. [Who/Whom] do you love? I love him. Use Whom. example *Think about who/whom you want to cover and who/whom is eligible for coverage.* [who/whom] you want to cover. Who do you want to cover? Him! So *whom* is correct. [who/whom] is eligible for coverage. Who is eligible for coverage? He is! So *who* is correct.

can you use *its* as a possessive pronoun?

The competitor's reports are ready, but its are not. (It's extremely rare to use its as a possessive pronoun; this word is generally used as a possessive adjective and, therefore, followed by a noun

When the words *except, between, but, and like* are used as prepositions, pronoun errors are likely to occur. What can you do to prevent errors? Technical question

To avoid such errors, isolate the prepositional phrase that holds your pronoun, and then use an object pronoun as the object of the preposition *Every employee [but Weston and her] will work overtime this weekend*.

statements of comparison/Comparatives technique to identify the correct pronoun

To determine what pronoun to use in partially complete comparative statements introduced by *than* or *as*, always mentally finish the comparative by adding the implied missing words. Shireen enjoys films as much as he. (Shireen enjoys films as much as he/him enjoys foreign films. ) use *he.* Grammarly says this is BS- Other than for a test I would rewrite my sentence so it was correct no matter what. Nader is a better cook than they. (Nader is a better cook than they [not them] are. ) Honesty impresses Judy Foster as much as me. (Honesty impresses Judy Foster as much as it impresses me [not I])

Collective noun rules for use

When a collective noun operates as a unit, it is singular. The faculty held its election of a union representative. (The group) When the elements of a collective noun operate separately, the collective noun is plural. The faculty were divided in their voting preferences. (the members of the group) If you get stuck replace (The Group) and (The individual members of the group) in for the collective noun and see which one makes sense.

Pronoun-Antecedents- rule for dealing with *or / nor*

When antecedents are joined by *or* or *nor*, the pronoun should agree with the closer antecedent. Either Bill or *Janet* left *her* briefcase in the conference room. (The pronoun her agrees with the closer antecedent, Janet.) Neither the employees nor Supervisor *Ken Riley* expects to see *his* salary increased this year. (The pronoun his refers to the closer antecedent, Ken Riley) This is another case of technically correct grammar vs. reality. I would rewrite the first sentence another way to make it clear that you DID NOT think Bill was a *her*. Bosses don't always appreciate the joys of perfect grammar.

the Adjectives *each* and *every*

When the adjective each or every precedes a compound subject joined by *and*, the compound subject is considered singular. Each female player and coach is expected to purchase her own uniform. (Each single female player and each single female coach is expected to purchase her own uniform.)

pronoun- antecedent: dealing with either and neither

When they stand alone as a subject they are singular *Either* of the women is willing to share *her* expertise. (*Either* functions as the subject of the sentence. It controls the singular verb is. Either is also the antecedent of the pronoun *her*. When they connect 2 subjects then they are plural Neither the *man nor his children* left *their* packages on the train. (The conjunction neither/nor joins two subjects, man and children. The pronoun their agrees with its plural antecedent, children

Is the word backup written as one word or two? Or should I hyphenate it? p105

When using backup as a noun (We need a backup in case this plan doesn't work) or as an adjective (I keep my backup files on Google Drive), write it as one word. When using it as a verb, write it as two words (We recommend that you back up your files every week). Whether one word or two, don't hyphenate!

object of a preposition

a noun or pronoun. When pronouns act as objects of prepositions, they must be object pronouns. If it comes *directly after a preposition* it is usually an object of a preposition Our CEO has an important announcement for *us*. (*us* is the object of the preposition 'for") The photographer took a professional photo of *her*. (*her* is the object of the preposition 'of') Every employee except Weston and *her* will work overtime this weekend. (*her* is the object of the preposition 'except')- remember ignore the "compound subject and"

Which of the following sentences contains a demonstrative pronoun? a. Please take this with you when you leave. b. Please take this package with you when you leave.

a. Please take this with you when you leave. In the other sentence *this* acts as an adjective and describes the package (this one, not that one)

Which of the following sentences contains a possessive pronoun? a. You can take his down to the storage room. b. You can take his old desk down to the storage room

a. You can take his down to the storage room. In the other sentence *his* acts as an adjective- it describes the desk- it is old and his

Choose the correct letter to indicate how the bolded pronouns function in the sentence. a. subject of a verb b. object of a verb c. object of a preposition To prepare for their study abroad trip, Antonia and *she* will take a conversational Italian class.

a. subject of a verb comes directly before *will take*

preposition list

aboard about above across after against along amid among anti around as at before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by concerning considering despite down during except excepting excluding following for from in inside into like minus near of off on onto opposite outside over past per plus regarding round save since than through to toward towards under underneath unlike until up upon versus via with within without

Unlike possessive nouns, possessive pronouns never have

apostrophes. five common possessive pronouns: hers, yours, ours, theirs, its. no apostrophes

Which of the following sentences properly uses a reflexive pronoun? a. An argument between Nikki and myself caused problems in our professional relationship. b. I myself believe we can still work things out.

b. I myself believe we can still work things out. How do we know that myself does not belong as part of the compound subject (Nikki and the speaker) in the other sentence? Remove Nikki to see if what remains functions correctly. myself caused problems in our professional relationship. Nope. *I* caused problems in our professional relationship.

Which of the following sentences contains a demonstrative pronoun? a. These cupcakes are probably the best I've ever had. b. These are probably the best I've ever had.

b. These are probably the best I've ever had. In the other sentence *these* acts as an adjective and describes the cupcakes (these cupcakes, not previous ones)

Choose the correct letter to indicate how the bolded pronouns function in the sentence. a. subject of a verb b. object of a verb c. object of a preposition After reading Jeff's marketing plan, Jeff's supervisor praised *him*.

b. object of a verb comes directly after the verb praised

Choose the correct letter to indicate how the bolded pronouns function in the sentence. a. subject of a verb b. object of a verb c. object of a preposition Once Gordon Young completes his training program, *he* will be a certified project manager.

b. subject of verb directly before *will be*

Choose the correct letter to indicate how the bolded pronouns function in the sentence. a. subject of a verb b. object of a verb c. object of a preposition The contract between Boyd Austin and *her* still needs to be signed.

c. object of a preposition part of the preposition phrase * between Boyd Austin and her*

Choose the correct letter to indicate how the bolded pronouns function in the sentence. a. subject of a verb b. object of a verb c. object of a preposition We need more politicians like *her*.

c. object of a preposition part of the preposition phrase *like her*

pronoun practice noredink.com

https://www.noredink.com/learn/learning_paths/928 https://www.noredink.com/learn/learning_paths/872 https://www.noredink.com/learn/learning_paths/874 https://www.noredink.com/learn/learning_paths/915 https://www.noredink.com/learn/learning_paths/916

Just between you and (I, me), I think our supervisor may be retiring soon.

me In standard English, it's grammatically correct to say "between you and me" and incorrect to say "between you and I." The reason for this is that a preposition such as between should be followed by an objective pronoun (such as me, him, her, and us) rather than a subjective pronoun (such as I, he, she, and we).

The newspaper article about global relations with China surprised him as much as (I, me).

me The newspaper article about global relations with China surprised him as much as it surprised me. To determine what pronoun to use in partially complete comparative statements introduced by than, as much as, or as, always mentally finish the comparative by adding the implied missing words.

When choosing who vs whom what pharases should you ignore?

parenthetical expressions such as *I hope, we think, I believe, they said*, and *you know.*

What is the difference between possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns?

possessive adjectives must always be used before nouns *(my career, our retreat, your address, his car, her condo, its purpose, their vacation)* possessive pronouns are used on their own, without nouns *the office is mine, the cat is ours, that mess is hers*

Object pronoun definition

pronoun commonly used as objects of verbs or objects of prepositions singular: me, you, him, her, it, plural: us, you, them Use an object pronoun after an action verb or after a preposition, such as for, at, of, with, or to. if the pronoun is *after the verb* it is usually an object pronoun Please ask *her* where the meeting will be held Direct or indirect object of the verb Give *him* another chance. Object of a preposition Send the order to *him*. Object of an infinitive Ann hoped to call *us*.

What are indefinite pronouns?

pronouns such as anyone, something, and everybody. These pronouns are indefinite because they refer to no specific person or object.

reflexive pronouns definition

pronouns that end in -self or -selves. used to emphasize or reflect on the nouns or pronouns previously mentioned I prepared the gourmet meal myself. (Myself reflects on I.)

subject pronouns

pronouns used for subjects of a verb Singular: I, you, he, she, it, Plural: we, you, they if a pronoun is *before the verb* it is usually a subject pronoun *He* wonders whether *they* will have a gym at their hotel. *They* are managers. (are is a linking verb)

When Gayle answered the telephone, she said, "This is (she, her).

she whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb that pronoun will be in the subjective case is is a linking verb

reflexive pronoun list

singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves

verb phrase

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

If a pronoun refers to two nouns- what must be true about the pronoun?

the pronoun must be plural. *Max and Sarah* need new passwords issued to *them* immediately. (Plural antecedent and pronoun

Demonstrative pronouns

this, that, these, those used to point to specific things. can be singular or plural, indicates item location

What are neutral occupations titles? pg 106

titles used that ignore gender actor firefighter flight attendant housekeeper mail carrier / postal carrier- is the term used by PO meteorologist police officer reporter or journalist salesperson sales representative server stylist trash collector Reality check - some of these have a different connotation than the previous title used. A barber is not the same as a "stylist".

difference between to and too p104

to: preposition to the store too: also or excessive On the way to the zoo, we saw only two gold cars and far too many white cars.

Possessive pronouns

used to show possession used on their own, without nouns. The possessive pronouns are: singular: mine, yours, his, hers, its, plural: ours, yours, theirs

verb phrase example

were quickly running; might have been, could have been, should have been driving had been, Would like ate and drank; read Mary the article

Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Contractions. Choose the correct answer. Is this laptop (yours, your's)?

yours never use your's