Business Midterm 2
The _____ ___ ___ of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job.
Equal Pay Act
A union security clause is included in contracts because:
All workers who benefit from having a union should help pay for it
When picking a co-op, you often review the ___ ____________ of the job postings to understand the responsibilities and working conditions of the job.
Job Descriptions
More people leave their jobs for:
opportunities to advance their careers
Salary jobs include:
Doctors, analysts, and professors
Where does Sue's son work?
GLG
The Hay pay method is based on job _____, each of which has a strict pay range
Grade
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:
Naturally like to work
When a new employee is trained at the work site by observing an experienced worker and then doing the task, it is:
On-the-job training
The Industrial Revolution brought problems for workers due to the demand for constant increases in
Productivity
The Industrial Revolution made the United States an economic world power through huge increases in ____________ from mass production.
Productivity
One reason that employers are concerned with the number of women with children in the workforce is because ________ result in large and costly decreases in productivity
Absences
What are some examples of motivators according to Herzberg?
Achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for advancement
If an employee wanted a better chance for advancement, what would you do as the manager?
Assign them leadership opportunities or tasks that open the door for his upward progression inside the organization
Workers who have reached retirement age may want to continue to work:
Because they can't afford to retire, because they enjoy it, or they need part-time schedules
Sick leave, vacation pay, pension and health plans that provide additional compensation are called ______ benefits.
Fringe
Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ________________ employees around the world.
Motivate
Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ____________ to solve problems and meet objectives.
Autonomy
The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants:
Better pay and working conditions
This type of motivation results in the potential or actual receipt of extrinsic rewards (for example: recognition, money, or promotion)
Extrinsic
Millennials generally don't remember a time without the:
Internet
Which of the following are craft unions?
Plumbers, Pipe fitters, and Electricians
Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:
Rejecting a sexual request leads to termination of employment, accepting a sexual request is linked to a promotion, accepting a sexual request is linked to job security
The Civil Rights Act of 1977 protects against same-sex ______ __________
Sexual Harassment
Since 2009, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act:
Requires that age must be the determining reason for discrimination to prove any employment action against older workers
A problem in developing effective compensation for teams is that:
Rewarding individuals erodes cohesiveness
OSHA reports that workplace violence is the number one cause of _____ for women in the workplace.
Death
The trend toward violence in the workplace has been:
Decreasing since the 1990s
Human resource managers perform several important functions so the organization has the people it needs to achieve its goals. They include:
Developing compensation systems, training and development, and recruitment and selection
Some employers try to curb the dangerous use of _____ and _______ in the workplace by testing employees.
Drugs, alcohol
Which act, in 1938, set a minimum wage and maximum basic hours for workers in interstate commerce industries?
Fair Labor Standards Act
True or false: An evaluation uses feedback about the worker from different levels of management.
False
True or false: The need to continually increase productivity led to improved working conditions in factories.
False
A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something.
Injunction
An __________ is when a court issues an order to do or stop doing something specific
Injunction
Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?
Intrinsic
Vestibule training
Is done in classrooms with equipment similar to that used on the job so that employees learn proper methods and safety procedures before assuming a specific job assignment
The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1988 giving access to certain clubs to women was important because:
It allowed them to enter established networking systems
A goal of management is to increase a company's _______, while a goal of labor unions is to provide a fair share of profits to their _______
Profits, members
Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for employers to discriminate based on:
Race, sex, and religion
An organization of skilled specialists in a particular trade, such as plumbers, is a
Craft Union
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to __________
Motivation
What are two advantages of home-based work for employers?
Saves office space costs and reduces absenteeism
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
Equity
Job rotation
Calls for moving employees from one specialized job to another to give employees greater variety in their work on a rotating basis
The roles and responsibilities of HRM professionals have evolved primarily because:
Changes in the law have rewritten traditional practices and organizations recognize that employees are their ultimate resource
This theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships.
Equity theory
Employees, as well as the general public, are frustrated by the high levels of _________ compensation, especially when it isn't tied to profitability.
Executive
In the future, unions are likely to focus on which of these issues?
Executive compensation and child and elder care
Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?
Expectancy theory
True or False: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management"
False. It was Frederick Taylor
Gen X managers understand that:
Flexibility and consensus building work well, results are more important than hours spent in the workplace, and there is more to life than work
______________-_____________ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.
Goal-Setting
Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him included:
Henry L. Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Developing and establishing professional contacts that can assist you in finding employment is:
Networking
The changes in the U.S. workforce that create challenges for human resource managers include:
New workers who are undereducated, employees who want leisure time, and more single-parent homes
Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:
No longer motivate
Off-the-job training
Occurs away from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop any of a variety of skills or to foster personal development
In Mikes Bikes, which two market segments are consumers most responsive to an improvement to product specifications?
Road and Mountain Bikes
What are the different pay systems?
Salary, hourly wage/daywork, piecework system, commissions, bonus, profit-sharing, gain-sharing, and stock options
What are the two factors of Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory?
Satisfaction comes from motivators and dissatisfaction comes from hygienes
A challenge for human resource managers because of the change from traditional manufacturing to service and high-tech manufacturing industries is:
The need to retrain workers
Stock options
The opportunity, given by your employer, to purchase a certain number of shares of your company's common stock at a pre-established price, known as the grant price, over a specific period of time, known as the vesting period
Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by:
The passing of laws to curb corruption in unions, prohibiting compulsive union membership, and influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management
Job simulation
The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job
A manager that views most employees as lazy is operating under:
Theory X
The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy ______ _____ practices.
Unfair labor
What are some tactics used by unions to assert their power in contract negotiations?
Strikes, boycotts, work slowdowns, and pickets
Identify some of the job titles that are considered contingent workers:
Temporary workers and independent contractors
Home-based work can save ___________ for employers as they can save on office space.
Money, time, or resources
What are the benefits to having a Flextime plan?
Employee freedom to choose hours, increase job satisfaction, and increase talent in your company
What are some examples of contingent workers?
Part-time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co-op students
Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people
People like to work and people seek responsibility
Characteristics of high-context culture:
Places an importance on group trust and workers are encouraged to build personal relationships
The concerns of most labor unions today have evolved to include:
Worker retraining, offshore outsourcing, and child and elder care
What would cause you to have closing inventory in stock from a previous year?
Your production quantity was greater than actual units sold
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways the produce desired combinations of expected outcomes. Which three elements must be high in order for motivation to be high?
Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ___________
Motivation
Gain-sharing
Annual bonuses paid to employees based on achieving specific goals such as quality measures, customer satisfaction measures, and production targets
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act:
Bans mandatory retirement in most organizations and allows age restrictions for airline pilots
The __________ zone is the range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers in a negotiation
Bargaining
The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing _____________ and information throughout the organization.
Communication
What are the negatives to having a Flextime plan?
Communication with employees, managers tend to work longer hours, and difficult to achieve with shift work
Individuals who are part-time, temporary, or seasonal workers are classified as:
Contingent workers
A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under:
Theory Y
What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?
Time-motion
Flextime is a system that allows employees some freedom to choose which hours to work as long as they:
Work the required number of hours and complete their assigned tasks
Taylor's method was to:
determine the one "best" way, teach people the one best way to do their jobs, and study the most efficient way to do a task
Which is not an element of scientific management?
human factors
By 2040, the number of Americans over __ is expected to increase to 80 million.
65
According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type _________ management is achievement oriented.
A
The information gathered from comparing an employee's work to an established standard is:
A performance appraisal
Challenges for human resource managers today include:
A shortage of workers in areas such as computer technology
Hourly wage/daywork jobs include:
Minimum wage
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs
Workers are motivated by fear and punishment and workers prefer to avoid responsibility
Commissions jobs include:
Artists, broker, and insurance agent
Employees and the public are frustrated by high levels of executive compensation because:
Top-level executives are often rewarded whether or not the company is successful, executives use company money for luxury "perks", and the difference between the pay of executives and that of an average worker is too large
Equity theory states that employees:
Try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it, perceptions of fairness affect motivation, and compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions
Management development programs include:
Understudy positions, Job rotation, and On-the-job coaching
The employee organization that represents labor in negotiations with management is a
Union
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as:
Wishing to avoid responsibility
Bonus jobs include:
Doctors and investment banking
During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,
Productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions, researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity, and researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results
What are some examples of hygienes according to Herzberg?
Company policy, salary, working conditions, and relationship with supervisor
In Mikes Bikes, which area of your company does efficiency expenditure effect?
Decreases factory wastage
Employers are concerned with the changing demographics of mothers in the workforce because:
Many single workers and single-income families do not want to subsidize child care, absences for child care cost U.S. employers billions of dollars annually, and the number of women workers with children under 18 has grown to about 75% since 1975
What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?
McGregor's Theory X and McGregor's Theory Y
The shift from traditional manufacturing industries to high-tech and service industries challenges human resource managers to:
Re-train workers for more challenging jobs, recognize that a company's people are its ultimate resource
The set of activities for obtaining the right number of qualified people at the right time to fill the needs of the organization is:
Recruitment
A major factor that has led to more scheduling flexibility is the increase in two-______ families
Income
From Mikes Bikes, list the market segments in order of sensitivity to quality, with the first segment with the lowest sensitivity and the last segment with the highest sensitivity to quality.
Kids segment, Mountain segment, Road segment
What are the five needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological
When two or more part-time employees share one full-time job it is called
Job Sharing
A legal agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which labor and management will operate over a period of time is a
Labor contract and a negotiated labor-management agreement
When an organization's operational costs are primarily for their workforce, they are considered to be:
Labor-intensive
In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?
Lack of appreciation
Profit-sharing
Annual bonuses paid to employees based on the company's profits
This theory is based on the notion that setting ambitious goals will lead to higher levels of motivation and performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback, and if conditions in the organization make achievements possible.
Goal-setting theory
Is top-executive pay in the United States greater than, less than, or similar to top-executive pay in other countries?
Greater than
A human resource _________________ of an organization reveals the demographics of the firm's labor force and whether it is technically up-to-date and thoroughly trained, which is an important part of human resource management.
Inventory
Activities of the National Labor Relations Board include:
Investigating labor practices and overseeing union election campaigns
Apprenticeship program
Involves a student or apprentice working alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft
Selection is the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired to meet company staffing needs, under _____ guidelines
Legal
What are the forms of job training?
Off-the-job training, an apprenticeship program, vestibule training or near-the-job training, job simulation, orientation, on-the-job training, and online training
Characteristics of low-context culture:
Places more emphasis on the task and views relationship building as a waste of time
Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _______________________ __________________
Scientific Management
What are some job specifications for a teaching assistant?
Some college experience, positive attitude, good communication skills, organized, and simulation experience
The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to:
Stop or slow production and attract public attention to their cause
A union strategy in which workers refuse to go to work; the purpose is to further workers' objectives after an impasse in collective bargaining.
Strike
When workers stop production by refusing to work, it is a union strategy known as a
Strike
Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theorists?
Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg
The goals of most labor unions in the 1930s was the right to organize, in the 1970s to increase worker pay and benefits, in the 1980s union recognition and job security, today to reduce job loss from outsourcing. One can conclude that:
Changes in the social and economic environment determine the goals of labor in a given period
What are the chapters on the exam?
Chapter 10 Motivation, Chapter 11 HR, and Chapter 12 Unions
What are some of the advantages of job rotation?
Engagement and motivation are increased, increased worker flexibility and easier scheduling, and increased employee knowledge and abilities
Exit interviews can be helpful to a company because:
Information can prevent the loss of good employees in the future
Unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because:
It provides funds to support union activities such as negotiations and grievances, all workers represented by the union receive the same benefits as paying union members, and it encourages workers to join unions as members
A study of what is done by employees who hold various job titles
Job analysis
_______ job transfers allow employees to develop and display new skills and learn more about the company overall instead of moving to a new firm.
Lateral
The effects of legislation on human resource professionals is important because:
Legislation affects all areas of human resource management
What are some tactics used by management to assert their power in contract negotiations?
Lockouts, injunctions, and bringing in strikebreakers
Costs associated with terminating employees include:
Lost investment in training and pay and potential for costly wrongful discharge lawsuits
Piecework system jobs include:
Measured by item completed (car detailer, housekeeper, and installer)
Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's __________ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.
Motivators
What are some factors that make it difficult to recruit qualified employees?
Organizational policies that demand promotions from within, union regulations, and low wages
A future focus of labor unions due to the effect of job losses from offshore outsourcing is job:
Security
An effect of changing legislation on human resources professionals is that:
They must stay current with changes in the law and they must update company HR policies and procedures to stay current with legal changes
Laws such as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959 were passed when:
Unions became very powerful and corrupt
Is Joan younger or older than her twin brother James?
Younger
Herzberg studied the relationship between:
motivation and job-related factors