Business Midterm 2

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The _____ ___ ___ of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job.

Equal Pay Act

A union security clause is included in contracts because:

All workers who benefit from having a union should help pay for it

When picking a co-op, you often review the ___ ____________ of the job postings to understand the responsibilities and working conditions of the job.

Job Descriptions

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

Salary jobs include:

Doctors, analysts, and professors

Where does Sue's son work?

GLG

The Hay pay method is based on job _____, each of which has a strict pay range

Grade

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:

Naturally like to work

When a new employee is trained at the work site by observing an experienced worker and then doing the task, it is:

On-the-job training

The Industrial Revolution brought problems for workers due to the demand for constant increases in

Productivity

The Industrial Revolution made the United States an economic world power through huge increases in ____________ from mass production.

Productivity

One reason that employers are concerned with the number of women with children in the workforce is because ________ result in large and costly decreases in productivity

Absences

What are some examples of motivators according to Herzberg?

Achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for advancement

If an employee wanted a better chance for advancement, what would you do as the manager?

Assign them leadership opportunities or tasks that open the door for his upward progression inside the organization

Workers who have reached retirement age may want to continue to work:

Because they can't afford to retire, because they enjoy it, or they need part-time schedules

Sick leave, vacation pay, pension and health plans that provide additional compensation are called ______ benefits.

Fringe

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ________________ employees around the world.

Motivate

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ____________ to solve problems and meet objectives.

Autonomy

The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants:

Better pay and working conditions

This type of motivation results in the potential or actual receipt of extrinsic rewards (for example: recognition, money, or promotion)

Extrinsic

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the:

Internet

Which of the following are craft unions?

Plumbers, Pipe fitters, and Electricians

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

Rejecting a sexual request leads to termination of employment, accepting a sexual request is linked to a promotion, accepting a sexual request is linked to job security

The Civil Rights Act of 1977 protects against same-sex ______ __________

Sexual Harassment

Since 2009, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act:

Requires that age must be the determining reason for discrimination to prove any employment action against older workers

A problem in developing effective compensation for teams is that:

Rewarding individuals erodes cohesiveness

OSHA reports that workplace violence is the number one cause of _____ for women in the workplace.

Death

The trend toward violence in the workplace has been:

Decreasing since the 1990s

Human resource managers perform several important functions so the organization has the people it needs to achieve its goals. They include:

Developing compensation systems, training and development, and recruitment and selection

Some employers try to curb the dangerous use of _____ and _______ in the workplace by testing employees.

Drugs, alcohol

Which act, in 1938, set a minimum wage and maximum basic hours for workers in interstate commerce industries?

Fair Labor Standards Act

True or false: An evaluation uses feedback about the worker from different levels of management.

False

True or false: The need to continually increase productivity led to improved working conditions in factories.

False

A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something.

Injunction

An __________ is when a court issues an order to do or stop doing something specific

Injunction

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic

Vestibule training

Is done in classrooms with equipment similar to that used on the job so that employees learn proper methods and safety procedures before assuming a specific job assignment

The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1988 giving access to certain clubs to women was important because:

It allowed them to enter established networking systems

A goal of management is to increase a company's _______, while a goal of labor unions is to provide a fair share of profits to their _______

Profits, members

Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for employers to discriminate based on:

Race, sex, and religion

An organization of skilled specialists in a particular trade, such as plumbers, is a

Craft Union

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to __________

Motivation

What are two advantages of home-based work for employers?

Saves office space costs and reduces absenteeism

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

Job rotation

Calls for moving employees from one specialized job to another to give employees greater variety in their work on a rotating basis

The roles and responsibilities of HRM professionals have evolved primarily because:

Changes in the law have rewritten traditional practices and organizations recognize that employees are their ultimate resource

This theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships.

Equity theory

Employees, as well as the general public, are frustrated by the high levels of _________ compensation, especially when it isn't tied to profitability.

Executive

In the future, unions are likely to focus on which of these issues?

Executive compensation and child and elder care

Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?

Expectancy theory

True or False: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management"

False. It was Frederick Taylor

Gen X managers understand that:

Flexibility and consensus building work well, results are more important than hours spent in the workplace, and there is more to life than work

______________-_____________ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

Goal-Setting

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him included:

Henry L. Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Developing and establishing professional contacts that can assist you in finding employment is:

Networking

The changes in the U.S. workforce that create challenges for human resource managers include:

New workers who are undereducated, employees who want leisure time, and more single-parent homes

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

No longer motivate

Off-the-job training

Occurs away from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop any of a variety of skills or to foster personal development

In Mikes Bikes, which two market segments are consumers most responsive to an improvement to product specifications?

Road and Mountain Bikes

What are the different pay systems?

Salary, hourly wage/daywork, piecework system, commissions, bonus, profit-sharing, gain-sharing, and stock options

What are the two factors of Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory?

Satisfaction comes from motivators and dissatisfaction comes from hygienes

A challenge for human resource managers because of the change from traditional manufacturing to service and high-tech manufacturing industries is:

The need to retrain workers

Stock options

The opportunity, given by your employer, to purchase a certain number of shares of your company's common stock at a pre-established price, known as the grant price, over a specific period of time, known as the vesting period

Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by:

The passing of laws to curb corruption in unions, prohibiting compulsive union membership, and influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management

Job simulation

The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job

A manager that views most employees as lazy is operating under:

Theory X

The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy ______ _____ practices.

Unfair labor

What are some tactics used by unions to assert their power in contract negotiations?

Strikes, boycotts, work slowdowns, and pickets

Identify some of the job titles that are considered contingent workers:

Temporary workers and independent contractors

Home-based work can save ___________ for employers as they can save on office space.

Money, time, or resources

What are the benefits to having a Flextime plan?

Employee freedom to choose hours, increase job satisfaction, and increase talent in your company

What are some examples of contingent workers?

Part-time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co-op students

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people

People like to work and people seek responsibility

Characteristics of high-context culture:

Places an importance on group trust and workers are encouraged to build personal relationships

The concerns of most labor unions today have evolved to include:

Worker retraining, offshore outsourcing, and child and elder care

What would cause you to have closing inventory in stock from a previous year?

Your production quantity was greater than actual units sold

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways the produce desired combinations of expected outcomes. Which three elements must be high in order for motivation to be high?

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ___________

Motivation

Gain-sharing

Annual bonuses paid to employees based on achieving specific goals such as quality measures, customer satisfaction measures, and production targets

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act:

Bans mandatory retirement in most organizations and allows age restrictions for airline pilots

The __________ zone is the range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers in a negotiation

Bargaining

The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing _____________ and information throughout the organization.

Communication

What are the negatives to having a Flextime plan?

Communication with employees, managers tend to work longer hours, and difficult to achieve with shift work

Individuals who are part-time, temporary, or seasonal workers are classified as:

Contingent workers

A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under:

Theory Y

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time-motion

Flextime is a system that allows employees some freedom to choose which hours to work as long as they:

Work the required number of hours and complete their assigned tasks

Taylor's method was to:

determine the one "best" way, teach people the one best way to do their jobs, and study the most efficient way to do a task

Which is not an element of scientific management?

human factors

By 2040, the number of Americans over __ is expected to increase to 80 million.

65

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type _________ management is achievement oriented.

A

The information gathered from comparing an employee's work to an established standard is:

A performance appraisal

Challenges for human resource managers today include:

A shortage of workers in areas such as computer technology

Hourly wage/daywork jobs include:

Minimum wage

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs

Workers are motivated by fear and punishment and workers prefer to avoid responsibility

Commissions jobs include:

Artists, broker, and insurance agent

Employees and the public are frustrated by high levels of executive compensation because:

Top-level executives are often rewarded whether or not the company is successful, executives use company money for luxury "perks", and the difference between the pay of executives and that of an average worker is too large

Equity theory states that employees:

Try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it, perceptions of fairness affect motivation, and compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions

Management development programs include:

Understudy positions, Job rotation, and On-the-job coaching

The employee organization that represents labor in negotiations with management is a

Union

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as:

Wishing to avoid responsibility

Bonus jobs include:

Doctors and investment banking

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,

Productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions, researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity, and researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results

What are some examples of hygienes according to Herzberg?

Company policy, salary, working conditions, and relationship with supervisor

In Mikes Bikes, which area of your company does efficiency expenditure effect?

Decreases factory wastage

Employers are concerned with the changing demographics of mothers in the workforce because:

Many single workers and single-income families do not want to subsidize child care, absences for child care cost U.S. employers billions of dollars annually, and the number of women workers with children under 18 has grown to about 75% since 1975

What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory X and McGregor's Theory Y

The shift from traditional manufacturing industries to high-tech and service industries challenges human resource managers to:

Re-train workers for more challenging jobs, recognize that a company's people are its ultimate resource

The set of activities for obtaining the right number of qualified people at the right time to fill the needs of the organization is:

Recruitment

A major factor that has led to more scheduling flexibility is the increase in two-______ families

Income

From Mikes Bikes, list the market segments in order of sensitivity to quality, with the first segment with the lowest sensitivity and the last segment with the highest sensitivity to quality.

Kids segment, Mountain segment, Road segment

What are the five needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological

When two or more part-time employees share one full-time job it is called

Job Sharing

A legal agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which labor and management will operate over a period of time is a

Labor contract and a negotiated labor-management agreement

When an organization's operational costs are primarily for their workforce, they are considered to be:

Labor-intensive

In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?

Lack of appreciation

Profit-sharing

Annual bonuses paid to employees based on the company's profits

This theory is based on the notion that setting ambitious goals will lead to higher levels of motivation and performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback, and if conditions in the organization make achievements possible.

Goal-setting theory

Is top-executive pay in the United States greater than, less than, or similar to top-executive pay in other countries?

Greater than

A human resource _________________ of an organization reveals the demographics of the firm's labor force and whether it is technically up-to-date and thoroughly trained, which is an important part of human resource management.

Inventory

Activities of the National Labor Relations Board include:

Investigating labor practices and overseeing union election campaigns

Apprenticeship program

Involves a student or apprentice working alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft

Selection is the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired to meet company staffing needs, under _____ guidelines

Legal

What are the forms of job training?

Off-the-job training, an apprenticeship program, vestibule training or near-the-job training, job simulation, orientation, on-the-job training, and online training

Characteristics of low-context culture:

Places more emphasis on the task and views relationship building as a waste of time

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _______________________ __________________

Scientific Management

What are some job specifications for a teaching assistant?

Some college experience, positive attitude, good communication skills, organized, and simulation experience

The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to:

Stop or slow production and attract public attention to their cause

A union strategy in which workers refuse to go to work; the purpose is to further workers' objectives after an impasse in collective bargaining.

Strike

When workers stop production by refusing to work, it is a union strategy known as a

Strike

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theorists?

Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg

The goals of most labor unions in the 1930s was the right to organize, in the 1970s to increase worker pay and benefits, in the 1980s union recognition and job security, today to reduce job loss from outsourcing. One can conclude that:

Changes in the social and economic environment determine the goals of labor in a given period

What are the chapters on the exam?

Chapter 10 Motivation, Chapter 11 HR, and Chapter 12 Unions

What are some of the advantages of job rotation?

Engagement and motivation are increased, increased worker flexibility and easier scheduling, and increased employee knowledge and abilities

Exit interviews can be helpful to a company because:

Information can prevent the loss of good employees in the future

Unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because:

It provides funds to support union activities such as negotiations and grievances, all workers represented by the union receive the same benefits as paying union members, and it encourages workers to join unions as members

A study of what is done by employees who hold various job titles

Job analysis

_______ job transfers allow employees to develop and display new skills and learn more about the company overall instead of moving to a new firm.

Lateral

The effects of legislation on human resource professionals is important because:

Legislation affects all areas of human resource management

What are some tactics used by management to assert their power in contract negotiations?

Lockouts, injunctions, and bringing in strikebreakers

Costs associated with terminating employees include:

Lost investment in training and pay and potential for costly wrongful discharge lawsuits

Piecework system jobs include:

Measured by item completed (car detailer, housekeeper, and installer)

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's __________ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

Motivators

What are some factors that make it difficult to recruit qualified employees?

Organizational policies that demand promotions from within, union regulations, and low wages

A future focus of labor unions due to the effect of job losses from offshore outsourcing is job:

Security

An effect of changing legislation on human resources professionals is that:

They must stay current with changes in the law and they must update company HR policies and procedures to stay current with legal changes

Laws such as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959 were passed when:

Unions became very powerful and corrupt

Is Joan younger or older than her twin brother James?

Younger

Herzberg studied the relationship between:

motivation and job-related factors


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