Cardio assess

The term for a diagnostic test that involves injection of a contrast media into the venous system through a dorsal vein in the foot is

contrast phlebography.

Within the heart, several structures and several layers all play a part in protecting the heart muscle and maintaining cardiac function. The inner layer of the heart is composed of a thin, smooth layer of cells, the folds of which form heart valves. What is the name of this layer of cardiac tissue?

endocardium

During auscultation of the lungs, what would a nurse note when assessing a client with left-sided heart failure?

wheezes with wet lung sounds

The nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's echocardiogram and observes that the ejection fraction is 35%. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive treatment for what condition?

Heart failure

In preparation for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), the nurse must:

Inform the patient that blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring will occur throughout the test

Which of the following is the hallmark symptom for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower extremity?

Intermittent claudication

The nurse is reviewing the morning laboratory test results for a client with cardiac problems. Which finding is a priority to report to the health care provider?

K+ 3.1 mEq/L

Each chamber of the heart has a particular role in maintaining cellular oxygenation. Which chamber is responsible for pumping blood to all the cells and tissues of the body?

left ventricle

A community health nurse teaches a group of older adults about modifiable risk factors that contribute to the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The nurse knows that the teaching was effective based on which statement?

"I will need to stop smoking because the nicotine causes less blood to flow to my hands and feet."

The nurse is conducting patient teaching about cholesterol levels in the body. When discussing the patient's elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, the patient shows an understanding of the significance of these levels by stating what?

"Increased LDL and decreased HDL increase my risk of coronary artery disease.

The nurse is assessing vital signs on a client who is 3 months status post myocardial infarction (MI). While the healthcare provider is examining the client, the client's spouse approaches the nurse and states "We are too afraid he will have another heart attack, so we just don't have sex anymore." What is the nurse's best response?

"The physiologic demands are greatest during orgasm and are equivalent to walking 3 to 4 miles per hour on a treadmill."

To assess the dorsalis pedis artery, the nurse would use the tips of three fingers and apply light pressure to the:

Anterior surface of the foot near the ankle joint.

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

Which statement is accurate regarding Reynaud disease?

Episodes may be triggered by unusual sensitivity to cold.

The nurse prepares to auscultate heart sounds. What nursing intervention will be most effective to assist with this procedure?

Explain to the client that the nurse will be listening to different areas of the chest and may listen for a long time, but that does not mean that anything abnormal is heard.

You are presenting a workshop at the senior citizens center about how the changes of aging predisposes clients to vascular occlusive disorders. What would you name as the most common cause of peripheral arterial problems in the older adult?

Atherosclerosis

The client is being prepared for echocardiography when he asks the nurse why he needs to have this test. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Echocardiography is a way of determining the functioning of the left ventricle of your heart."

The nurse is taking a health history from a client admitted with the medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Which symptoms correlate with the client's diagnosis?

Chest pain, weight gain, fatigue

The nurse is caring for a client with a damaged tricuspid valve. The nurse knows that the tricuspid valve is held in place by which of the following?

Chordae tendineae

The nurse is reporting on the results of client blood work to the oncoming nurse. Upon reviewing the data, it is noted that the client has an elevated uric acid level. Which inflammatory process would the nurse screen for on shift rounds?

Gout

The clinic nurse caring for a client with a cardiovascular disorder is performing an assessment of the client's pulse. Which of the following steps is involved in determining the pulse deficit?

Count the heart rate at the apex.

The nurse is caring for an elderly client with left-sided heart failure. When auscultating lung sounds, which adventitious sound is expected?

Crackles

Which assessment parameter would the nurse expect to find when assessing the older adult with a musculoskeletal disorder? Select all that apply.

Decreased range of motion Decreased endurance Joint stiffness

As the clinic nurse caring for a client with varicose veins, what is an appropriate nursing action for this client?

Demonstrate how to apply and remove elastic support stockings.

Which is a characteristic of arterial insufficiency?

Diminished or absent pulses

The client with a diagnosis of heart failure reports frequently awakening during the night with the need to urinate. What explanation will the nurse offer to explain the urination?

Edema is collected in dependent extremities during the day; at night when the client lays down, it is reabsorbed into the circulation and excreted by the kidneys.

When caring for a patient with leg ulcers, the positioning of the legs depends on whether the patient's ulcer is arterial or venous in origin. How should the nurse position a patient who has leg ulcers that are venous in origin?

Elevate the patient's lower extremities.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia 6 months ago. Which results indicate that the client has been following a therapeutic regimen?

High density lipoproteins (HDL) increase from 25 mg/dl to 40 mg/dl.

A client is diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing diagnosis should receive highest priority at this time?

Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion

After a physical examination, the provider diagnosed a patient with a grade 4 heart murmur. During assessment, the nurse expects to hear a murmur that is:

Loud and may be associated with a thrill sound similar to (a purring cat).

The nurse is administering a beta blocker to a patient in order to decrease automaticity. Which medication will the nurse administer

Metoprolol

A nurse is assessing a client's right lower leg, which is wrapped with an elastic bandage. Which signs and symptoms suggest circulatory impairment

Numbness, cool skin temperature, and pallor

Which is a risk factor for venous disorders of the lower extremities?

Obesity

The nurse is caring for a patient who returned from the tropics 2 weeks ago. The patient has been diagnosed with lymphangitis and is experiencing lymphedema. You are aware that the lymphedema may be due to what?

Obstructed lymph vessels

The nurse cares for a client with clubbing of the fingers and toes. The nurse should complete which action given these findings?

Obtain an oxygen saturation level.

Which serum level indicates the rate of bone turnover?

Osteocalcin

A client has been diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Which of the following instructions is appropriate for the nurse to give the client for promoting circulation to the extremities?

Participate in a regular walking program.

You are the clinic nurse doing assessments on your clients before they have outpatient diagnostic testing done. What would you document when assessing the client's pulse?

Rate, quality, and rhythm

A client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complains that his hands become pale, blue, and painful when exposed to the cold. What disease should the nurse cite as an explanation for these signs and symptoms?

Raynaud's disease

The nurse is assessing a client taking an anticoagulant. What nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client at risk for injury related to side effects of medication enoxaparin?

Report any incident of bloody urine, stools, or both.

Which of the following is the most effective intervention for preventing progression of vascular disease?

Risk factor modification

What should the nurse do to manage persistent swelling in a client with severe lymphangitis and lymphadenitis?

Teach the client how to apply a graduated compression stocking.

What should the nurse do to manage the persistent swelling in a client with severe lymphangitis and lymphadenitis?

Teach the client how to apply an elastic sleeve

The nurse is caring for a client who is status post operative from a vein stripping. What would the nurse monitor for?

Swelling in the operative leg

The client is admitted for a scheduled cardiac catheterization. On the morning of the procedure, while assessing the client's morning laboratory values, the nurse notes a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 34 mg/dL and a creatinine of 4.2 mg/dL. What priority reason will the nurse notify the healthcare provider?

The client is at risk for renal failure due to the contrast agent that will be given during the procedure.

A nurse is preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which action would pose a threat to the client?

The client wears a watch.

A patient tells the nurse, "I was straining to have a bowel movement and felt like I was going to faint. I took my pulse and it was so slow." What does the nurse understand that occurred with this patient?

The patient had a vagal response.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pericarditis. Where does the nurse understand the inflammation is located?

The thin fibrous sac encasing the heart

A patient recently diagnosed with pericarditis asks the nurse to explain what area of the heart is involved. How does the nurse best describe the pericardium to the client?

Thin fibrous sac that encases the heart.

Which of the following is the most common site for a dissecting aneurysm?

Thoracic area

The nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and notes a murmur at the left fourth intercostal space and lateral to the sternum. At which cardiac valve would the nurse document this murmur?

Tricuspid valve

What symptoms should the nurse assess for in a client with lymphedema as a result of impaired nutrition to the tissue?

Ulcers and infection in the edematous area

Your students are studying various laboratory tests, such as blood chemistries, that may be used as part of the diagnostic analysis for a client with a cardiovascular disorder. What do hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia indicate?

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

What is the term for the ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse?

contractility

A nurse is instructing a client about using antiembolism stockings. Antiembolism stockings help prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by:

forcing blood into the deep venous system.

The nurse cares for a client prescribed warfarin orally. The nurse reviews the client's prothrombin time (PT) level to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication. Which laboratory values should the nurse also evaluate?

international normalized ratio (INR)

A client with no known history of peripheral vascular disease comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of lower leg pain. Inspection and palpation reveal absent pulses; paresthesia; and a mottled, cyanotic, cold, and cadaverous left calf. While the physician determines the appropriate therapy, the nurse should

keep the affected leg level or slightly dependent.

The nurse auscultates the PMI (point of maximal impulse) at which anatomic location?

left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space

What does decreased pulse pressure reflect?

reduced stroke volume

The patient has a heart rate of 72 bpm with a regular rhythm. Where does the nurse determine the impulse arises from?

sinoatrial node

An example of a flat bone is the

sternum

Before a transesophageal echocardiogram, a nurse gives a client an oral topical anesthetic spray. When the client returns from the procedure, the nurse observes no active gag reflex. What nursing action is a priority?

withhold food and fluids.