Cardio mod 4

What is the function of the left atrium? Select one: a. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. b. It receives oxygenated blood from the vena cava. c. It receives blood from the pulmonary arteries. d. It ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta.

a. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct? Select one: a. The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient. b. CPR should be performed for 5 minutes before using the AED. c. Defibrillation is the first link in the AHA chain of survival. d. The AED will shock any rhythm not accompanied by a pulse.

a. The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the: Select one: a. brain. b. kidneys. c. legs. d. abdomen.

a. brain.

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the: Select one: a. carotid arteries. b. brachial arteries. c. subclavian arteries. d. iliac arteries.

a. carotid arteries.

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is: Select one: a. failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged. b. inappropriately placed adhesive defibrillation electrodes. c. inability of the EMT to recognize ventricular fibrillation. d. malfunction of the AED's internal computer processor.

a. failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged.

You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial action should be to: Select one: a. feel for a pulse while compressions are ongoing. b. have the EMTs stop CPR and assess for a pulse. c. request a paramedic unit and quickly attach the AED. d. quickly attach the AED and push the analyze button.

a. feel for a pulse while compressions are ongoing.

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. hypoglycemia. b. hypertension. c. elevated cholesterol. d. diabetes mellitus.

a. hypoglycemia.

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high- flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should: Select one: a. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport. b. ask him if the nitroglycerin patch he is wearing has improved his chest pressure, complete your secondary assessment, and transport promptly. c. move the nitroglycerin patch to the other side of his chest in case you need to apply the AED, keep him warm, and transport without delay. d. immediately remove the nitroglycerin patch, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and transport to the closest hospital.

a. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? Select one: a. Avoid defibrillation as this will damage the patient's AICD. b. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR. c. Continue CPR and transport the patient to the closest appropriate hospital. d. Contact medical control and request permission to defibrillate.

b. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct? Select one: a. Nitroglycerin should be administered between the cheek and gum. b. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes. c. A maximum of five nitroglycerin doses should be given to a patient. d. The potency of nitroglycerin is increased when exposed to light.

b. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they: Select one: a. do not trust EMTs. b. are in denial. c. are elderly. d. cannot afford it.

b. are in denial.

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should: Select one: a. begin CPR and have your partner update the responding paramedics. b. begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated. c. perform CPR only and wait for the manual defibrillator to arrive. d. apply the AED while your partner provides rescue breathing.

b. begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated.

Ischemic heart disease is defined as: Select one: a. decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary dilation. b. decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium. c. death of a portion of the heart muscle due to a decrease in oxygen. d. absent myocardial blood flow due to a blocked coronary artery.

b. decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by: Select one: a. constricting the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow. b. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow. c. contracting the smooth muscle of the coronary and cerebral arteries. d. increasing the amount of stress that is placed on the myocardium.

b. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. severe headache. b. hypertension. c. bradycardia. d. hypotension.

b. hypertension.

Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. sudden unexplained sweating. b. pain exacerbated by breathing. c. irregular heartbeat. d. shortness of breath or dyspnea.

b. pain exacerbated by breathing.

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes: Select one: a. ventilations with a BVM. b. placing her in an upright position. c. nitroglycerin for her chest pain. d. oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula.

b. placing her in an upright position.

The purpose of defibrillation is to: Select one: a. prevent asystole from deteriorating into ventricular fibrillation. b. stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells. c. cause a rapid decrease in the heart rate of an unstable patient. d. improve the chance of CPR being successful in resuscitation.

b. stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: Select one: a. a rapid heartbeat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions. b. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely. c. as the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria. d. the volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates.

b. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the: Select one: a. pubic symphysis. b. umbilicus. c. iliac crest. d. nipple line.

b. umbilicus.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system? Select one: a. Constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system b. Increases in the heart and respiratory rates c. Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles d. Dilation of blood vessels in the muscles

c. Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles

During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that: Select one: a. she has a pulse and does not need CPR. b. the AED detected patient motion. c. she is not in ventricular fibrillation. d. the AED has detected asystole.

c. she is not in ventricular fibrillation.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system: Select one: a. prepares the body to handle stress. b. dilates the blood vessels in the muscles. c. slows the heart and respiratory rates. d. causes an increase in the heart rate.

c. slows the heart and respiratory rates.

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because: Select one: a. angina and AMI present identically. b. angina usually occurs after an AMI. c. the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field. d. most patients with chest pain are experiencing an AMI.

c. the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: Select one: a. enters the systemic circulation. b. was received directly from the aorta. c. has a high concentration of oxygen. d. flows into the pulmonary arteries.

d. flows into the pulmonary arteries.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should: Select one: a. attach the AED immediately. b. obtain baseline vital signs. c. apply a nonrebreathing mask. d. begin ventilatory assistance.

d. begin ventilatory assistance.

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you re-analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to: Select one: a. place him in the recovery position and apply oxygen. b. obtain a blood pressure and apply the pulse oximeter. c. transport at once and re-analyze his rhythm en route. d. reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

d. reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should: Select one: a. place the patient in a recumbent position in case of fainting. b. avoid further dosing if the patient complains of a severe headache. c. perform a secondary assessment before administering further doses. d. reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

d. reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _______________ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS. Select one: a. four b. five c. two d. three

d. three

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by: Select one: a. congestive heart failure. b. severe bradycardia. c. cardiogenic shock. d. ventricular fibrillation.

d. ventricular fibrillation.