cardio Vol 3 Ch 2

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

The pericardial sac normally holds about​ ________ mL of​ ________.

25, straw-colored lubricant

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV node is​ ________ to​ ________ times per minute.

40, 60

The intrinsic rate of the AV node​ is:

40-60 bpm.

Brain natriuretic peptide​ (BNP) levels are useful in​ determining:

CHF

Which of the following most accurately differentiates cardioversion from​ defibrillation?

Cardioversion is timed to be synchronous with the​ patient's R wave.

A potassium level of 3.0 would commonly be associated with which ECG​ finding?

Flattening T wave

Which of the following is the correct sequence of cardiac electrical​ activity? 1. AV node 2. Internodal pathways 3. Bundle of His 4. SA node 5. Purkinje fibers 6. Bundle branches

​4, 2,​ 1, 3,​ 6, 5

A pathological Q wave indicating infarction should​ measure:

0.04 seconds

One small box on the ECG paper​ indicates:

0.04 seconds

Normal interval time for the QRS complex​ is:

0.04-0.12 second.

Normal interval time for the PR interval​ is:

0.12-0.20 second.

One large box on the ECG paper​ indicates:

0.20 seconds

When the ECG paper is traveling at the standard rate of 25​ mm/sec, a large box in the horizontal direction​ equals:

0.20 seconds

​Life-threatening arrhythmias can result in death of the AMI patient as soon​ as:

1 hour after onset.

The intrinsic rate of the Purkinjie system​ is:

15-40 bpm

Your patient is a​ 32-year-old female, 30​ weeks' pregnant, complaining of shortness of breath and palpitations. She is alert and​ oriented, though​ anxious; her skin is cool and​ moist, and her radial pulse is weak and​ rapid, but regular. HR​ = 180, BP​ = 100/72, RR​ = 24. The monitor shows supraventricular tachycardia. After applying oxygen by nonrebreather and starting an IV of normal​ saline, which of the following is most​ appropriate?

6 mg of adenosine

An accelerated junctional rhythm has a rate between​ ________ and​ ________.

60, 100

The intrinsic rate of the SA node​ is:

60-100

The loading dose of norepinephrine​ is:

8-10 ​mcg/min.

You are transporting a cardiac arrest when you achieve ROSC. You now want to keep the​ patient's systolic blood pressure in the range​ of:

80-100 mmHg.

Which of the following statements concerning Q waves on the ECG is most​ accurate?

A Q wave is significant if it is 0.04 or more seconds wide.

For a resting potential in a cardiac cell to​ exist, there must be​ an:

Adequate number of potassium ions inside the cell and sodium ions outside the cell

Increased​ ________ does NOT occur due to increased venous return to the heart.

Afterload

The amount of resistance that must be overcome by the left ventricle during systole is​ called:

Afterload

Which of the following most accurately describes a Valsalva​ maneuver?

Asking the patient to bear down as if to move his bowels with his nose and mouth closed

A​ 48-year-old male is complaining of chest pain that he describes as​ dull, located​ substernally, but radiating to his neck. He rates the pain a 6 on a scale of 1 to 10 and complains of nausea and lightheadedness. His skin is cool and diaphoretic. HR​ = 96, BP​ = 124/82, RR​ = 14, SaO2​ = 97%. The​ 12-lead ECG is nondiagnostic. In addition to​ oxygen, an IV of normal saline at a keep open​ rate, and transport to the emergency​ department, which of the following would be most​ appropriate?

Aspirin, nitroglycerin, and morphine

Auscultation of an S3 is associated​ with:

Congestive heart failure

​Beta-blockers generally have which of the following​ effects?

Decreased myocardial contractility

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular filling​ begin?

Diastole

The first phase of the cardiac cycle​ is:

Diastole

A​ 64-year-old female is alert and​ oriented, in moderate respiratory​ distress, and complaining of chest pain. She describes an acute onset of​ right-sided chest pain that radiates across her chest. Physical examination reveals​ cold, diaphoretic​ skin; lung sounds with crackles​ bilaterally; JVD; and peripheral edema. Medical history includes​ hypertension, prior myocardial​ infarction, and heart failure. HR​ = 128, BP​ = 86/56, RR​ = 26, SaO2​ = 92%. Which of the following is appropriate in the prehospital treatment of this​ patient?

Dopamine

You have begun transcutaneous pacing of a​ 52-year-old male who is in​ third-degree heart block. He was initially unresponsive to all​ stimuli, with a pulse of​ 32, blood pressure 60 by​ palpation, and a respiratory rate of 12. Which of the following is LEAST helpful when determining the effectiveness of transcutaneous​ pacing?

Evidence of electrical capture

Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of​ PEA?

Hypertension

Your patient is a​ 58-year-old female who is confused and dyspneic. Her daughter called EMS because the patient complained of a fluttering sensation in her​ chest, followed a few minutes later by chest pain and an acute onset of confusion. She is pale and diaphoretic without a palpable radial pulse. The monitor shows a narrow complex rhythm at a rate of 180. Which of the following is most​ appropriate?

Immediate synchronized cardioversion

If the stroke volume​ decreased, which of the following would occur to maintain the blood pressure at its current​ value?

Increased heart rate and increased peripheral vascular resistance

Which of the following is the most likely result of increased pulmonary artery​ pressure?

Increased right ventricular workload and cor pulmonale

A​ 35-year-old male is complaining of a​ headache, blurred​ vision, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of hypertension but is noncompliant with his medications. His pupils are equal and​ reactive, his skin is warm and​ dry, and his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. HR​ = 122, BP​ = 202/138, RR​ = 12, SaO2​ = 99%. In addition to monitoring his cardiac​ rhythm, administering​ oxygen, and starting an IV at a KVO​ rate, which of the following is most​ appropriate?

Labetalol, IV

The mitral valve is also known as the​ ________ valve

Left atrioventricular

PSVT is LEAST likely to occur secondary​ to:

Myocardial infarction

Release of acetylcholine at the neuroeffector junction would result in​ a(n):

Negative chronotropic effect

Which of the following has NOT been proven to increase the risk of cardiovascular​ disease?

Obesity

A​ 63-year-old male is alert and​ oriented, complaining of dizziness. He describes an acute onset of dizziness and​ near-syncope that has lasted for 15 minutes. He is also experiencing substernal chest pain radiating to his​ jaw, as well as nausea and weakness. Physical examination reveals​ cool, diaphoretic​ skin; delayed capillary​ refill; and mild crackles to the bases bilaterally. He has no significant medical​ history, but he takes 325 mg of aspirin a day. HR​ = 220, BP​ = 88/52, RR​ = 16, SaO2​ = 92%. Which of the following should be done​ first?

Oxygen by nonrebreathing mask

Atrial depolarization is represented on the ECG by​ the:

P wave.

Which of the following ECG findings would indicate a possible pacemaker​ failure?

Pacemaker spikes without associated QRS complexes

Signs​ and/or symptoms of a dissecting thoracic aneurysm include all of the following​ EXCEPT:

Palpable pulsating mass

Diaphoresis exhibited in a patient actively having an MI is due​ to:

sympathetic response

The right ventricle pushes blood to the lungs through​ the:

Pulmonary Artery

Which of the following is most commonly associated with multifocal atrial​ tachycardia?

Pulmonary disease

Your patient in atrial fibrillation has a heart rate of 108 on the​ monitor, but her radial pulse is 88. The patient is​ experiencing:

Pulse deficit

​________ is a drop in systolic blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg with inspiration.

Pulsus paradoxus

Ventricular depolarization is represented on the ECG by​ the:

QRS complex

The total duration of ventricular depolarization is represented by the​ ________ on the ECG.

QT interval

Measures to treat cardiogenic shock include all of the following​ EXCEPT:

Reducing stroke volume

The SA and AV nodes are often supplied by both the​ ________ and​ ________ arteries.

Right​ coronary, circumflex coronary

Which of the following is NOT a phase of cardiac​ arrest?

Rigor mortis phase

Public education about cardiovascular disease focuses​ on:

Risk factors and signs and symptoms of CVD

The heart sound produced by the closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves​ is:

S2

Myocardial ischemia may result​ in:

ST segment depression

Treatment of sinus tachycardia is aimed​ at:

treating the underlying cause

Your patient is a​ 55-year-old male who is in moderate distress and complaining of chest pain. He states that he experienced an acute onset of​ left-sided crushing chest pain while playing basketball with his grandson. He complains of weakness and​ near-syncope with exertion. His skin is​ pale, cool, and diaphoretic. HR​ = 40, BP​ = 72/40, RR​ = 20, SaO2​ = 95%. The monitor shows a​ third-degree AV block. Which of the following is most​ appropriate?

Sedation and transcutaneous pacing

While monitoring a​ patient's cardiac​ rhythm, you note that there is no electrical activity after a PQRST complex for a period equal to exactly three of the previous​ R-R intervals. This is most accurately described​ as:

Sinus Block

A​ patient's ECG shows regular RR intervals of 0.48​ seconds, a PR interval of 0.12​ seconds, and a QRS of 0.08 seconds. This best fits the criteria​ for:

Sinus Tachycardia

Which of the following rhythms requires transcutaneous​ pacing?

Symptomatic​ third-degree AV block

Ventricular repolarization is represented on the ECG by​ the:

T wave

A potassium level of 8.0 would commonly be associated with which ECG​ finding?

T wave merging with QRS

Which of the following occurs during depolarization of a cardiac​ cell?

The cell becomes relatively more positively charged.

A​ 12-lead ECG that reveals slight ST segment​ elevation; Q waves in leads​ II, III, and​ aVF; and ST elevation in V1 and V2 most indicate which of the​ following?

The patient has had a myocardial infarction in her inferior wall and is experiencing ischemia extending into the right ventricle.

You are transporting a patient who is having wild changes in his heart​ rate, an irregular​ R-R interval, and a history of taking lanoxin. The patient is now becoming​ pale, cool, and​ clammy, with an MAP of 60. You​ should:

begin TCP and consider a catecholamine infusion.

Typical stroke volume is about​ ________ of the volume of the left ventricle.

two-thirds

On an ECG​ tracing, positive impulses are seen​ as:

upward deflections.

ECG findings associated with hypokalemia​ include:

U waves and flat T waves

The​ five-step procedure for analyzing ECGs includes all of the following​ EXCEPT:

V1

The anterior surface of the heart is best viewed by ECG​ leads:

V1-V4

The lead to the left of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space​ is:

V2

The QRS complex​ represents:

Ventricular depolarization

Common chief complaints and symptoms associated with cardiac disease include all of the following​ EXCEPT

Vertigo

Excessive preload over time would lead​ to:

Weakening of the Left Ventricle

Your patient is a​ 54-year-old male who is unresponsive and cyanotic and has agonal respirations. A​ "quick look" shows ventricular tachycardia. Which of the following is most important when determining the immediate treatment of this​ patient?

Whether he has a pulse

Sudden death is described​ as:

any death occurring within 1 hour of onset of symptoms.

The first part of the aorta as it leaves the heart is​ the:

ascending aorta

Cardiac output​ is:

stroke volume x heart rate.

You have been on the scene of a​ 55-year-old cardiac arrest patient for 30 minutes. You have full ALS care​ initiated, with no response to therapy. You​ should:

consider termination of the arrest

Signs and symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion secondary to cardiogenic shock include all of the following​ EXCEPT:

constricted pupils

The single largest killer of Americans each year​ is:

coronary artery disease.

​Poiseuille's law specifically states that blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the​ ________ of the​ vessel's radius.

fourth power

You have administered a drug with potent​ beta-1 effects. Which of the following effects should you most​ anticipate?

increased heart rate

Your patient is found sitting on the edge of the bathtub with​ cool, diaphoretic skin. She states she became lightheaded and nearly​ "passed out" while vomiting. Your cardiac monitor shows a sinus bradycardia at a rate of 48. Which of the following is most​ likely?

increased parasympathetic tone

You run a​ 12-lead ECG on a patient exhibiting chest pain. It reveals ST segment elevation in leads​ II, III, and​ AVF, with reciprocal in leads AVL and I. You​ suspect:

inferior MI.

A​ 67-year-old male is​ unconscious, is sitting in a​ chair, and has agonal respirations. His wife states that he was up all night with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort but would not go to the hospital. Physical examination reveals​ pink, frothy sputum in the​ airway; cold, diaphoretic​ skin; and rales audible without a stethoscope. HR​ = 108, BP​ = 74 mmHg by​ palpation, RR​ = 4, SaO2​ = 82%. The monitor shows sinus tachycardia. Which of the following is the highest priority when treating this​ patient?

intubation

Your patient goes into polymorphic​ V-tach. Your primary pharmacological agent​ is:

magnesium​ sulfate, 1-2 gm

The left atrioventricular valve is referred to as the​ ________ valve.

mitral

An elevation of the ST segment is associated​ with:

myocardial injury

The presence of inverted T waves on an ECG​ indicates:

myocardial ischemia

To detect​ life-threatening cardiac​ dysrhythmias, the paramedic must view the ECG in​ ________ lead(s).

one

Which of the following ECG findings is LEAST anticipated in a patient experiencing an acute myocardial​ infarction?

osborn wave

Myocardial ischemia is caused by an imbalance​ of:

oxygen supply and demand.

The pressure in the left ventricle at the end of diastole is​ called:

preload

The pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole is​ called:

preload.

You are called for a patient experiencing SOB. The patient is also a​ diabetic, so you preform a​ 12-lead ECG. It shows ST segment elevation in leads​ V1, V2,​ V3, and V4 with reciprocal changes in leads​ V5, V6,​ II, III, and AVF. You​ suspect:

septal-anterior MI

Blood pressure is defined​ as:

stroke volume times heart rate times SVR.


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Chapter 4: Chemical Bonds & Electron Arrangement

View Set

Unit 2 Test: Social Justice - Poverty

View Set

Biochemistry/Biology Kaplan Review

View Set

Chp 6: Getting your message across

View Set

CIS 330 Linux Chapter 7 (Quiz 2)

View Set

Psychology Chapter 6 - Sensation and Perception

View Set