Cardiovascular: Heart (EXAM 1)
Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the ECG's
p wave
The cavity that contains only the heart is the
pericardial cavity
Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?
the peak pressure in the ventricle
The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea is called the
thoracic cavity
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
coronary arteries
When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base
decreases
Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except
decreasing ejection fraction
The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.
end-diastolic volume
The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.
end-systolic volume
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called
trabeculae carneae.
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
stroke volume
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
QRS complex
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
auricle
Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?
beta-one receptor
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium
bicuspid
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
cardiac muscle cells
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
chordae tendineae
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
heart
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except
increased parasympathetic stimulation.
The left border of the heart is formed by the
left atrium and left ventricle
Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the
left coronary artery
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the
left coronary artery
Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ the midline.
left of
The coronary sulcus is a groove that
marks the border between the atria and ventricles
Identify the structure labeled "8."
papillary muscles
Identify the structure labeled "19."
pulmonary semilunar valve
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.
pulmonary valve
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in any of the following except
pulmonary valve stenosis
The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the
pulmonary veins.
If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?
regurgitation back into the right atrium
The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.
both parasympathetic and sympathetic
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it
pumps a greater volume
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the
right coronary artery
The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.
right coronary artery and left coronary artery
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
base
Which parts of the following statement are true? The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum.
both parts of the statement are true
Which of these would cause stroke volume to increase?
both when venous return is increased and when diastolic blood pressure is decreased
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the
coronary sinus.
Identify the structure labeled "6."
cusp of tricuspid valve
David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause
increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.
The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the
ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular repolarization
The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with
closing of the mitral valve
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
coronary
The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.
100,000
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?
16
There are ________ pulmonary veins.
4
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is which of the following?
4, 3, 2, 5, 1
Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.
50
The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute.
6,000
Cardiac output is increased by
All of the answers are correct.
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
aorta
The inferior point of the heart is called the
apex
A slower-than-normal heart rate is called
bradycardia
As the heart rate slows, ________ get(s) longer.
diastole
Which of the following would decrease heart rate?
increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers
The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles
interventricular septum
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
medulla oblongata.
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain all of the following except
nerves
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then
open
Contractions of the papillary muscles
prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
right atrium
Coronary veins empty into the
right atrium
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in
sinoatrial node
Analyzing of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except the
stroke volume
A faster-than-normal heart rate is called
tachycardia
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit
tetany
During the cardiac cycle,
the QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure.
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because
the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
An equivalent term for epicardium is
visceral pericardium
The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
voltage-gated calcium channels remaining open
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
During ventricular systole, the
AV valves are closed
The first heart sound is heard when the
AV valves close
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.
endocardium
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
the ventricles will beat more slowly.
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
tricuspid
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.
QRS complex
In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of ________ membrane permeability to ________ ions.
increased; sodium
Acetylcholine slows the heart because it
opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly.
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
right ventricle