Cardiovascular: Heart (EXAM 1)

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the ECG's

p wave

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

pericardial cavity

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?

the peak pressure in the ventricle

The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea is called the

thoracic cavity

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

coronary arteries

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base

decreases

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except

decreasing ejection fraction

The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.

end-diastolic volume

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

end-systolic volume

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

trabeculae carneae.

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

stroke volume

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle

Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?

beta-one receptor

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium

bicuspid

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except

increased parasympathetic stimulation.

The left border of the heart is formed by the

left atrium and left ventricle

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

left coronary artery

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

left coronary artery

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ the midline.

left of

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles

Identify the structure labeled "8."

papillary muscles

Identify the structure labeled "19."

pulmonary semilunar valve

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary valve

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in any of the following except

pulmonary valve stenosis

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the

pulmonary veins.

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

regurgitation back into the right atrium

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it

pumps a greater volume

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

right coronary artery

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

right coronary artery and left coronary artery

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

base

Which parts of the following statement are true? The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum.

both parts of the statement are true

Which of these would cause stroke volume to increase?

both when venous return is increased and when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

coronary sinus.

Identify the structure labeled "6."

cusp of tricuspid valve

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause

increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

closing of the mitral valve

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

100,000

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

16

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

4

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is which of the following?

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

50

The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute.

6,000

Cardiac output is increased by

All of the answers are correct.

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The inferior point of the heart is called the

apex

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called

bradycardia

As the heart rate slows, ________ get(s) longer.

diastole

Which of the following would decrease heart rate?

increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers

The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles

interventricular septum

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

medulla oblongata.

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain all of the following except

nerves

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

open

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

sinoatrial node

Analyzing of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except the

stroke volume

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

tachycardia

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

tetany

During the cardiac cycle,

the QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure.

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

An equivalent term for epicardium is

visceral pericardium

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

voltage-gated calcium channels remaining open

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

The first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of ________ membrane permeability to ________ ions.

increased; sodium

Acetylcholine slows the heart because it

opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly.

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

right ventricle