Cardiovascular Test Review

Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure?

alochol

These vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media

arteries

What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

right common carotid artery

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.

blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac trunk

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

What does the umbilical vein carry?

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein?

popliteal vein

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?

renal artery

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?

right and left coronary arteries

Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.

true

When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region.

true

Due to low pressure in these vessels, skeletal muscle activity aids the return of blood by milking it along in these vessels toward the heart

veins

Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow

veins

These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood

veins

What drains capillary beds?

venules

What is largest artery in the body?

aorta

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed

blood pressure; osmotic pressure

Microcirculation occurs in these vessels

capillaries

Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels

capillaries

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?

capillaries

The brachial vein ________.

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium?

foramen ovale

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.

hepatic portal vein

Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain? Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain?

internal carotid artery

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?

liver

The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.

true

The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

true

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?

active transport using proteins and ATP

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?

aldosterone

The aorta is classified as one of these vessels

arteries

These vessels carry blood away from the heart

arteries

Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

brachiocephalic vein

What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis

external iliac vein

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systolic pressure.

false

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the live

false

The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.

false

The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.

false

The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys

false

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.

foramen ovale

What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins?

kidneys

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

microcirculation

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.

neck

Veins ________.

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?

osmotic pressure

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

pulmonary

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.

pulse

Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.

true

Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.

true

From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

true

In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.

true

The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.

true

The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava.

true

The radial and ulnar veins ultimately drain into the superior vena cava.

true

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?

tunica media

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the _______

umbilical vein

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?

vasoconstruction

Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels

veins

These vessels return blood to the heart

veins

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

venae cavae

Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.

true

Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.

false

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

super vena cava

Coronary artery disease results from ________.

the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels