cgs exam 2

Cellular services use ________ to provide wireless connectivity to the Internet for smartphones.

3G and 4G cellular networks

A 32-bit-word computer can access ________ bytes at a time.

4

A(n) ________-bit-word computer can access eight bytes of information at a time.

64

A byte is formed by a group of __________ bits.

8

What is a VPN?

A virtual private network (VPN) is a communication tunnel that provides point-to-point transmission of both authentication and data traffic over an intermediary network.

Laptops typically use ________ that are typically located outside the system unit.

AC adapters

Know the character encoding standards.

ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange EBCDIC- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. Unicode

_______ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs.

Access

_______measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs?

Access speed

The size, or ________, is measured by the diagonal length of a monitor's viewing area.

Active display area

What does the duplex feature of a printer do?

Allows automatic printing on both side of a sheet of paper.

Supermarkets use ________ to scan codes printed on product containers.

Bar code readers

The ________ system consists of only two digits—0 and 1

Binary

What is a USB port and what are they used for?

Can be used to connect several devices to the system unit and are widely used to connect keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices, and a variety of specialty devices.

What is a client/server network?

Central computers coordinate and supply services to other nodes; based on specialization of nodes; widely used on the internet; able to handle very large networks efficiently; powerful network management software available.

This type of network strategy uses central servers to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network.

Client/server

What is it called when servers on the Internet supply applications as a service, rather than a product?

Cloud computing

________ is a high-frequency transmission medium that has a single solid-copper core.

Coaxial cable

The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message in a communication system is called the ________.

Communication channel

Which devices originate and accept messages in the form of data, information, and/or instructions?

Computer or specialized communication device.

In a communication system, which devices convert messages into packets that can travel across the communication channel?

Connection devices

What is an extranet?

Connects more than one organization; typically allows suppliers and others limited access to their networks.

What is a gateway network?

Connects networks to one another.

This indicates the monitor's ability to display colors by comparing the light intensity of the brightest white to the darkest black.

Contrast ratio

________ uses standard telephone lines to provide high-speed connections.

DSL (digital subscriber line)

A service that uses existing phone lines to provide high-speed connections is called ________.

Dial-up services (DSL)

Specialized devices with a large display connected to a computer projector that are widely used in classrooms and corporate boardrooms

Digital interactive whiteboards

This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU.

Disk caching

What are 4 ways to improve the performance of a Hard Disk?

Disk caching, hybrid drives, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and file compression/decompression.

The distance between each pixel is called ________.

Dot pitch

A dedicated, mobile device for storing and displaying e-books and other electronic media including electronic newspapers and magazines.

E- Book readers

_________ produces images that reflect light like ordinary paper, making the display easy to read.

E- ink

Most large organizations store data through a strategy called a(n) ________ to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations.

Enterprise storage system

Know the characteristics of RAID storage.

Expanding external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage.

Organizations use the _________ to allow suppliers and others limited access to their networks.

Extranet

Which of the physical connections is the fastest?

Fiber-optic cable

________ transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass.

Fiber-optic cable

What is file compression and what is it used for? What is file decompression?

File compression they are compressed before storing and then decompressed before being used again; improves performance through efficient storage.

All communications between a company's internal networks and the outside world pass through this server.

Firewall

What are examples of solid state storage?

Flash memory cards

What kind of specialized monitor is used for cell phones with screens that wrap around the edges of the phone and for curved monitors whose edges wrap toward the viewer?

Flexible screens

Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called a(n) ________.

IP addresses (Internet protocol addresses)

Virtual reality (VR) strives to create a virtual or ________ experience by using specialized hardware that includes headgear and gloves.

Immersive

What is the aspect ratio of a display?

Indicates the proportional relationship between a display's width and height.

________ is any data or instructions that are entered into a computer.

Input

What are expansion slots on a system board used for?

It allows computers to expand their systems.

Keyboards that include all the keys found on a typical virtual keyboard, as well as extra keys, such as function and navigation keys.

Laptop keyboards, traditional keyboards

Optical disks use ___________ to represent data.

Laser beams

The most common card reader is the ________ card reader which reads encoded information stored on a thin magnetic strip located on the back of the card

Magnetic card reader

This reading device is used in banks to read the numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.

Magnetic- ink character recognition

Know examples of secondary storage.

Media, capacity, storage devices, access speed

What are crypto processors?

Microchips perform encoding and decoding of data faster and more securely than a CPU

________ combine(s) the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine.

Multifunctional devices (MFD)

________ describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared.

Network architecture

________ are a popular solution for individuals and businesses where access speed is not essential, but capacity and durability are crucial

Network drives

This device enables connectivity between two LANS or a LAN and a larger network.

Network gateway

What is a local area network?

Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity.

What is a mesh network?

Newest; each mode has two or more connecting nodes.

What is a server?

Node providing resources

What is cloud storage?

Online storage that is accessed via the internet

Three common storage options discussed in your text are hard disk, ________, and solid-state storage.

Optical disk

________ recognition is often used to score standardized multiple-choice tests.

Optical- mark

Which character recognition system is used for standardized multiple-choice testing?

Optical- mark recognition (OMR) senses the presence or absence of a mark, such as a pencil mark.

Most desktop and laptop computers come with a standard set of ports for connecting ________, such as a monitor and keyboard.

Peripherals

A(n) ________ area network is a type of wireless network that works within your immediate surroundings to connect cell phones to headsets, controllers to game systems, and so on.

Personal

A LAN set up for a household's personal use is called a(n) ________ network.

Personal area network (PANs)

Two categories of laser printers are ________.

Personal laser, and shared laser.

Know how hard disks store and organize files.

Platters that are stacked one on top of another.

The mouse, game controllers, and touch screens are all types of ________ devices. Flatbed, document, and portable are types of ________ that accept documents and convert them into machine-readable form.

Pointing devices, optical scanner

What is an intranet?

Private network within an organization; uses browsers. Websites, and web pages. Typical applications include electronic telephone, directories, e-mail addresses, employee benefit information, internal job openings, and much more

What does the internal hard disk normally store?

Programs and data files.

How are solid state storage devices and hard disks different?

Provide access to flash memory, also known as solid-state storage. Hard disks use rigid metallic platters that provide a large amount of capacity.

What are HDMI ports and what are they used for?

Provide high- definition video and audio, making it possible to use a computer as a video jukebox or an HD video recorder.

What is disc caching?

Provides a temporary high- speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU; improves performance by anticipating data needs and reducing time to access data from secondary storage.

Most firewalls include a special computer called a(n) ________ server to manage communications between the internal networks and the outside world.

Proxy

When you reboot your system, the computer follows start-up instructions stored in this type of memory.

RAM

________ tags are tiny chips that can be embedded into almost anything and contain information used to track and locate lost pets; to monitor production and update inventory; to record prices, product descriptions, and locations of retail items.

RFID (Radio- Frequency Identification)

Microwave communication uses high-frequency ________.

Radio waves

Know about CD-RW, DVD-ROM drives, Ultra HD Blu-ray and Blu-ray. What does the R in DVD-R stand for?

Recordable

A(n) ________ is any injury that is caused by fast, repetitive work that can generate neck, wrist, hand, and arm pain.

Repetitive strain injury and carpal tunnel syndrome

The GPS device in an automobile uses which communication channel?

Satellite communications

_______-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the system unit.

Scanning

Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as ________.

Secondary storage

On a hard disk each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called ________.

Sectors

What type of storage technology does a cell phone use?

Solid state drives

The most widely used audio-output devices are __________.

Speakers and headphones

______, A network topology in which the central node is connected to two or more subordinate nodes that, in turn, are connected to other subordinate nodes.

Star network

________ is the process of breaking down information sent or transmitted across the Internet into small parts

TCP/IP

What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is short for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. This is a set of protocol layers that is designed to make data exchange possible on different types of computer networks, also known as heterogeneous network.

This type of computer is very similar to cell phones, although it is larger, heavier, and generally more powerful.

Tablet

42. What is the Control Unit and what is it used for?

Tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program's instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory, which temporarily holds data, instructions, and processed information, and the arithmetic logic-unit unit.

What is the ALU and what is it used for?

The central processing units, or processor is contained on a single chip called the microprocessor.

One of the most dramatic changes in connectivity and communications in the past few years has been ________.

The wireless revolution

What are coprocessors?

These specialty chips are designed to improve specific computing operations such as displaying 3D images and encrypting data.

What is cache memory used for?

To store the most frequently used data

What type of ports are commonly found on most laptops and desktops?

USB-A

________, also known as mini notebooks, are lighter and thinner with longer battery life than most laptops.

Ultrabooks

________ is a term relating to sending data to a satellite.

Uplink

How does an external hard drive connect to a computer?

Use the same basic technology as internal hard drives are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. They are easily removed; they are particularly useful to protect or secure sensitive information.

What sensors collect data about your hand movements?

VR controllers

What keyboards are primarily used on cell phones and tablets?

Virtual keyboard

Know the types of bandwidth.

Voiceband Medium band Broadband Baseband

________ are specialized digital video cameras that capture images and send them to a computer for broadcast over the Internet.

Webcams

________ are countrywide and worldwide networks.

Wide area networks (WANs)

A wireless access point that provides Internet access in a public place such as a coffee shop, library, bookstore, or university.

Wireless LANS

Know the wireless connections and physical connections.

Wireless connections do not use a solid substance to connect devices. Most use radio waves: WiMax ( Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)- extends the range of Wi-Fi using microwave connections, Bluetooth- transmits data over short distances; widely used for a variety of wireless devices, Wi-Fi ( wireless fidelity)- uses high frequency radio signals; most home and business wireless networks and use Wi-Fi, microwave line-of-sight communication; used to send data between buildings; longer distances require microwave stations, cellular uses cell towers to send and receive data within relatively small geographic regions or cells, satellite uses microwave relay stations; GPS (global positioning system) tracks geographic locations, Infrared uses light waves over a short distance; line-of-sight communication. Physical connections used a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. Connections include twisted-pair cable (telephone lines and Ethernet cables), coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.

What does WiMax stand for?

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

What is flash memory?

a kind of memory that retains data in the absence of a power supply.

What is virtual memory?

a portion of the hard disk designated to function as additional RAM

The capacity of a communication channel is measured in ________.

bandwidth

In a wireless LAN, all communications pass through the network's centrally located wireless access point or ________ station.

base

Pathways that support communication among the various electronic components on the system board are called ________.

bus lines

The ________ of a secondary storage device indicates how much data the storage medium can hold.

capacity

OMR, OCR, and MICR are all types of _______.

character and mark recognition devices

Integrated circuits typically are mounted on ________, which are then plugged into the system board.

chip carriers

Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material, called silicon, are called _______?

chips

In a computer network, this node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes.

client

The processing speed of a microprocessor is typically represented by its ________.

clock speed

_______ printers are printers connected to the Internet that provide printing services to others on the Internet.

cloud

Printers connected to the Internet that provide printing services to others on the Internet are called ________.

cloud printers

With _________ systems, output and input devices are located outside the system unit

desktop

What are hybrid drives?

drives using ssd for os and programs\nhdd for data

USB drives are also known as _______ drives.

flash

________ printers use a technology similar to that used in a photocopying machine.

laser

________ operations consist of making comparisons.

logical

What are the commonly used units of measurement for memory capacity?

mb tb gb

The most widely used audio-input device is the ________.

microphone

In most personal computer systems, the CPU is contained on a single chip called the ________.

microprocessor

Know the functions of the control unit.

microprocessor (CPU)

6. Which of the wireless connections is considered a line-of-sight medium?

microwave

________ is the name of the process of converting from analog to digital.

modulation

What is another name for a system board?

motherboard or mainboard

These screens can be touched with more than one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.

multitouch screens

________ cards are used to connect a computer to a network.

network adapter

For multicore processors to be used effectively, computers must understand how to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core—an operation called ________.

parallel processing

The series of dots that form the image on a monitor are called ________.

pixels

3D printers, also known as ________, create three-dimensional shapes by adding very thin layer after layer of material until the final shape is fully formed.

plotters

________ are special-purpose printers that use output from graphics tablets or other graphical input devices that are typically found in architectural and engineering environments.

plotters

Desktop computers have a(n) ________ unit, located within the system unit, that plugs into a standard wall outlet, converts AC to DC, and provides the power to drive all the system unit components.

power supply

What are multicore processors?

provide multiple independent CPUs

The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as ________.

reading

On the motherboard, the connection points for the chips are known as ________?

sockets

This penlike device typically used with tablets and mobile devices.

stylus

The ________ is the central node that coordinates the flow of data by sending messages directly between the sender and receiver nodes.

switch

The ________, also known as the system chassis, is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.

system unit

The arrangement of keys on a keyboard, QWERTY reflects the keyboard layout by ________.

taking the letters of the first six alphabetic characters found on the top row of keys

Know the different types of ports and their uses.

tandard Ports: Peripherals or external devices USB (Universal Serial Bus) can be used to connect several devices to the system unit and are widely used to connect keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices, and a variety of specialty devices. USB-A is the port found on most laptops and desktops. USB-B ports are found on peripheral devices, like digital cameras and cell phones. USB- C is gaining popularity on cell phones and laptops.

What is Ergonomics?

the study of people's efficiency in their working environment. the study of human factors related to things people use.

________ printers are widely used with ATMs.

thermal

What are system buses?

they connect CPU and memory

A keyboard key, like Caps Lock, that turns a feature on or off is called a ________ key.

toggle

Type of keyboard that uses a touch screen as the input device.

virtual keyboard

Bar code readers use ________ embedded in them to read bar codes.

wand readers or platform scanners

________ connect to computers and project computer output and can control the computer with the use of a special pen.

whiteboards

The number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus is known as the bus ________.

width

________ allow computers to be connected without cables.

wireless

A ____ is the number of bits that can be accessed at one time by the CPU.

word