Ch. 1 - A First Look at Anatomy

functional description of cardiovascular system

Distributes hormones, nutrients, and gases; picks up waste products

Which of the approaches to gross anatomy is specifically concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth?

Embryology

What are some examples of the cellular structural level of organization?

Examples of this structural level include muscle cells and blood cells.

functional description of urinary system

Filters the blood; concentrates waste products

Which organ system is responsible for the initiation of the immune response?

Lymphatic System

_______ is one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state."

Regulation or Homeostasis

What are some examples of the organ structural level of organization?

Small intestine, brain, lungs, and the heart are examples of this level.

visceral peritoneum covers

abdominal organs

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the _______ region

abdominal, umbilical, or hypogastric

The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the

appendicular region

axillary region

armpit region

The head, neck, and trunk make up the ___________________ region of the body.

axial region

The abdomen is ______ to the head

caudal; inferior

The anatomical term for hip is

coxal, iliac, or coxa

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is

digital, digits, phalangeal, phalanges, digit, or phalange

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

Cranial is to skull as auricular is to ______.

ear

The anatomical term for forehead is

frontal

inguinal area

groin; lateral to the pubic region

mediastinum includes

heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat NOT: pancreas

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Adaptation

is when an organism changes its anatomic structures, physiologic processes, or behavioral traits to increase its chance of reproductive success.

the nose is _____ to the eyes.

medial

The various chemical reactions that occur within all organisms are collectively termed

metabolism

The body cavity medial to the pleural cavities is the ______ cavity.

pericardial

The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is ______.

perineal

coxal area

refers to the hip area.

perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia; refers to the area around the urethral and rectal opening.

In ______, which is a division of gross anatomy, all the elements in a particular area of the body are examined as a whole. Multiple choice question.

regional anatomy

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity.

Which region typically contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands?

epigastric

The four major tissue types in the body are ______.

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

The right and left ______ regions are inferior areas located ______ to the hypogastric region.

iliac, lateral

The ______ level is the highest structural level of organization in the human body.

organismal, organism, or body

The anatomical term for chest is

pectoral, thoracic, or thorax

The anatomical term for the thumb is the ______.

pollex

The vertebral column is ______ to the heart.

posterior

Which anatomic directional term means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"?

proximal

What are some examples of the chemical structural level of organization?

Proteins, water molecules, and vitamins are examples of this structural level.

Comparative anatomy

This approach examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of species.

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization?

Tissue level

parietal pleura

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______.

pubic

Which serous membrane covers the external surface of an organ?

Visceral peritoneum

The characteristic of living things called _________ says that organisms produce gametes that can come together to develop into a new living organism.

reproduction

The mediastinum is ______.

the median space in the thoracic cavity.

Organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions are ______.

tissues

Derived from Greek, the word anatomy means "______".

to cut apart

Developmental Anatomy

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

A _______ plane cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.

transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal)