Ch. 1 - A First Look at Anatomy
functional description of cardiovascular system
Distributes hormones, nutrients, and gases; picks up waste products
Which of the approaches to gross anatomy is specifically concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth?
Embryology
What are some examples of the cellular structural level of organization?
Examples of this structural level include muscle cells and blood cells.
functional description of urinary system
Filters the blood; concentrates waste products
Which organ system is responsible for the initiation of the immune response?
Lymphatic System
_______ is one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state."
Regulation or Homeostasis
What are some examples of the organ structural level of organization?
Small intestine, brain, lungs, and the heart are examples of this level.
visceral peritoneum covers
abdominal organs
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the _______ region
abdominal, umbilical, or hypogastric
The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the
appendicular region
axillary region
armpit region
The head, neck, and trunk make up the ___________________ region of the body.
axial region
The abdomen is ______ to the head
caudal; inferior
The anatomical term for hip is
coxal, iliac, or coxa
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is
digital, digits, phalangeal, phalanges, digit, or phalange
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left sides
Cranial is to skull as auricular is to ______.
ear
The anatomical term for forehead is
frontal
inguinal area
groin; lateral to the pubic region
mediastinum includes
heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat NOT: pancreas
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Adaptation
is when an organism changes its anatomic structures, physiologic processes, or behavioral traits to increase its chance of reproductive success.
the nose is _____ to the eyes.
medial
The various chemical reactions that occur within all organisms are collectively termed
metabolism
The body cavity medial to the pleural cavities is the ______ cavity.
pericardial
The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is ______.
perineal
coxal area
refers to the hip area.
perineal
region between the anus and external genitalia; refers to the area around the urethral and rectal opening.
In ______, which is a division of gross anatomy, all the elements in a particular area of the body are examined as a whole. Multiple choice question.
regional anatomy
The parietal peritoneum lines the:
walls of the abdominal cavity.
Which region typically contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands?
epigastric
The four major tissue types in the body are ______.
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
The right and left ______ regions are inferior areas located ______ to the hypogastric region.
iliac, lateral
The ______ level is the highest structural level of organization in the human body.
organismal, organism, or body
The anatomical term for chest is
pectoral, thoracic, or thorax
The anatomical term for the thumb is the ______.
pollex
The vertebral column is ______ to the heart.
posterior
Which anatomic directional term means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"?
proximal
What are some examples of the chemical structural level of organization?
Proteins, water molecules, and vitamins are examples of this structural level.
Comparative anatomy
This approach examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of species.
In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization?
Tissue level
parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______.
pubic
Which serous membrane covers the external surface of an organ?
Visceral peritoneum
The characteristic of living things called _________ says that organisms produce gametes that can come together to develop into a new living organism.
reproduction
The mediastinum is ______.
the median space in the thoracic cavity.
Organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions are ______.
tissues
Derived from Greek, the word anatomy means "______".
to cut apart
Developmental Anatomy
traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
A _______ plane cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.
transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal)