Ch. 11/12 Test

Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about ________ percent of the pressure of the ascending aorta

10

A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is

12-16 g/dl

A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells.

260 million

Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body.

33%

Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.

5-6

Platelets circulate for

9-12 days

Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?

B and AB

Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable

Capillary exchange

A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n)

ECG

Ventricular systole is triggered by the

Purkinje fibers

Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.

aorta

The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are

arteries

A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is

arteriosclerosis

Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates

at the base of the ascending aorta

The formation of lipid deposits on the tunica media is called

atherosclerosis

Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called

atrial systole

A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is

balloon angioplasty and stent placement

The white blood cell that releases histamine is the

basophil

When heart rate increases, the greatest cardiac shortening occurs in

both diastoles

The artery that supplies blood to the upper limbs is the

brachial

The first branch off the aortic arch is called the

brachiocephalic

The clotting pathways require large amounts of

calcium

The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are

capillaries

Sympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the

cardiac nerve

Baroreceptors are located in

carotid arteries and the aorta

When the ventricles are relaxed the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________.

closed; open

Blood is a type of ________ tissue.

connective

The deep groove marking the border between the atria and the ventricles is the

coranary sulcus

The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the

coronary arteries

Reduction in circulatory supply is called

coronary ischemia

The vessels that drain the heart muscle are called the

coronary sinus

The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry

deoxygenated blood from the heart

Intercalated discs consist of

desmosomes and gap junctions

A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n)

embolus

The white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions is the

eosinophil

The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called

fibrinogen

Oxyhemoglobin consists of

four oxygen molecules and four hemes

The best description of the heart is that it is

four paired pumps

The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the

hematocrit

The precursor multipotent stem cell for hematopoiesis is called a

hemocytoblast

The abundant protein component of red blood cells is

hemoglobin

A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is

hemophilia

Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called

infraction

The tissue separating the two upper chambers of the heart is the

interatrial septum

Anemia can result from inadequate

iron

The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery.

left coronary

The while blood cell that provides specific immunity is the

lymphocyte

A common location for venipuncture is the

median cubital vein

Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte?

monocyte

The thickest layer of the heart is the

myocardium

Blood flow within capillary beds

occurs in pulses rather than a constant stream

Packets of small membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm shed by megakaryocytes are called

platelets

Blood can be diverted from tissues (such as skin) by

precapillary sphincters

The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit. The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The most abundant formed elements are

red blood cells

Platelets trigger coagulation by

releasing clotting factors

The response of the kidneys to low blood pressure and volume is release of

renin

The coronary sinus drains blood into the

right atrium

An intercalated disc is a

specialized cardiac muscle intercellular connection

The bone lying anterior to the heart is the

sternum

Abnormally high blood volume is recognized by

stretch receptors in the heart wall

The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit.

systemic

An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

tachycardia

Heart rate is stimulated by

the cardioacceleratory center

Arterial blood is bright red because

the hemes carry oxygen

The layer that stabilizes and anchors a blood vessel is the

tunica externa

Vasoconstriction is accomplished by the

tunica media

A typical red blood cell lasts

two to three months

Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the

vagus nerve

Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?

vascular spasm

Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called

vasodilation

The afferent vessels of the heart are

veins

The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the

veins

Relaxation of the lower chambers of the heart is called

ventricular disatole

Blood circulates into the coronary arteries during

ventricular relaxation

The vessels that collect blood from capillary beds are called

venules

Weak venous valves can result in

vericose veins

The serous membrane covering the heart is the

visceral pericardium

Blood that has an unaltered composition is called

whole blood