Ch. 11/12 Test
Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about ________ percent of the pressure of the ascending aorta
10
A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is
12-16 g/dl
A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells.
260 million
Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body.
33%
Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.
5-6
Platelets circulate for
9-12 days
Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?
B and AB
Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable
Capillary exchange
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n)
ECG
Ventricular systole is triggered by the
Purkinje fibers
Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.
aorta
The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are
arteries
A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is
arteriosclerosis
Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates
at the base of the ascending aorta
The formation of lipid deposits on the tunica media is called
atherosclerosis
Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called
atrial systole
A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is
balloon angioplasty and stent placement
The white blood cell that releases histamine is the
basophil
When heart rate increases, the greatest cardiac shortening occurs in
both diastoles
The artery that supplies blood to the upper limbs is the
brachial
The first branch off the aortic arch is called the
brachiocephalic
The clotting pathways require large amounts of
calcium
The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are
capillaries
Sympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the
cardiac nerve
Baroreceptors are located in
carotid arteries and the aorta
When the ventricles are relaxed the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________.
closed; open
Blood is a type of ________ tissue.
connective
The deep groove marking the border between the atria and the ventricles is the
coranary sulcus
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the
coronary arteries
Reduction in circulatory supply is called
coronary ischemia
The vessels that drain the heart muscle are called the
coronary sinus
The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
Intercalated discs consist of
desmosomes and gap junctions
A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n)
embolus
The white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions is the
eosinophil
The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called
fibrinogen
Oxyhemoglobin consists of
four oxygen molecules and four hemes
The best description of the heart is that it is
four paired pumps
The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the
hematocrit
The precursor multipotent stem cell for hematopoiesis is called a
hemocytoblast
The abundant protein component of red blood cells is
hemoglobin
A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is
hemophilia
Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called
infraction
The tissue separating the two upper chambers of the heart is the
interatrial septum
Anemia can result from inadequate
iron
The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery.
left coronary
The while blood cell that provides specific immunity is the
lymphocyte
A common location for venipuncture is the
median cubital vein
Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte?
monocyte
The thickest layer of the heart is the
myocardium
Blood flow within capillary beds
occurs in pulses rather than a constant stream
Packets of small membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm shed by megakaryocytes are called
platelets
Blood can be diverted from tissues (such as skin) by
precapillary sphincters
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit. The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit.
pulmonary
The most abundant formed elements are
red blood cells
Platelets trigger coagulation by
releasing clotting factors
The response of the kidneys to low blood pressure and volume is release of
renin
The coronary sinus drains blood into the
right atrium
An intercalated disc is a
specialized cardiac muscle intercellular connection
The bone lying anterior to the heart is the
sternum
Abnormally high blood volume is recognized by
stretch receptors in the heart wall
The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit.
systemic
An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called
tachycardia
Heart rate is stimulated by
the cardioacceleratory center
Arterial blood is bright red because
the hemes carry oxygen
The layer that stabilizes and anchors a blood vessel is the
tunica externa
Vasoconstriction is accomplished by the
tunica media
A typical red blood cell lasts
two to three months
Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the
vagus nerve
Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?
vascular spasm
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called
vasodilation
The afferent vessels of the heart are
veins
The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the
veins
Relaxation of the lower chambers of the heart is called
ventricular disatole
Blood circulates into the coronary arteries during
ventricular relaxation
The vessels that collect blood from capillary beds are called
venules
Weak venous valves can result in
vericose veins
The serous membrane covering the heart is the
visceral pericardium
Blood that has an unaltered composition is called
whole blood
