Ch. 12 Lessons 1, 2, 3, 5
Light waves vibrate in directions ___________ to the direction of their motion.
Perpendicular
Light rays bouncing off a surface at random angles is called_________.
Scattering
Objects that do not allow light to pass through cause_________.
Shadows
The wavelength of a wave times its frequency is the_________of the wave.
Speed
If some light goes through, the object is_______.
Translucent
If most light goes through an object, the object is__________.
Transparent
The Earth is a giant permanent _____.
magnet
Whenever an electric charge moves, it creates _____ forces.
magnetic
When a magnet is cut in half, each of the two pieces has a _____ pole and a _____ pole.
north, south
The higher the frequency of pitch of a sound wave, the more ________________________________ pass in a period of time.
notes
To increase the pitch of a musical instrument, you need to ________________________________ the part that vibrates.
shorten
Sound travels faster through a _________________________________ than it travels through a liquid or a _______________________________________.
solid / gas
A series of compressions and rarefactions moving through a medium is a ____________________________.
sound wave
Heat continues to flow from one object to another object until both have the same __________________________________.
temperature
If no light goes through, the object is_______.
Opaque
Light is vibrating __________ and _____ energy.
Electric, Magnetic
You can increase the strength of an electromagnet in three ways: ___________, place an iron rod inside the coils, or ___________.
Increase the current, add more coils
Light travels fastest in a __________.
Vacuum
Light has properties of both ______ and ______.
Waves, particles
When sound hits soft, thick, or uneven materials, much of the sound is _____________________________; when sound hits flat, firm surfaces, much of it is ______________________________.
absorbed / reflected
The _____ together the lines of a magnetic field, the stronger the magnetic force.
closer
Heat traveling by conduction moves at the speed of which molecules can ______________________ one another and change how fast nearby molecules are vibrating.
bump
A magnetic field _____ around a straight wire when current is flowing through it.
circles
Regions of a material that have many molecules squeezed together are ____________________________; regions that have fewer molecules spread apart are _________________________________.
compressions / rarefactions
As hot and cool portions of liquids or gas move, _______________________________ currents form.
convection
An electric current that produces a magnetic field is a called a _____
electromagnet
Heat is energy that moves from an object with a(n) ____________________________ temperature to an object with a(n) ______________________________ temperature.
higher / lower
Wrapping many loops of wire together _____ the magnetism of the coil.
increases
The heat you can feel radiating away from hot objects as electromagnetic rays is called ____________________________ rays.
infrared
Convection currents move heat more slowly than do ________________________________ but more quickly than conduction.
radiation
Like poles of a magnet _____ each other, and unlike poles _____ each other.
repel, attract
Sound waves vibrate the medium in the ________________________________ direction that the energy moves.
same
Heat is the ________________________ amount of thermal energy that an object releases.
total
Conduction can occur between objects that are _________________________________.
touching
Sound cannot travel through a _____________________________, which is a region of space that contains no matter.
vacuum