Ch 14 Multiple Choice
In order for an antigenic molecule to be a complete antigen it must A. be a large molecule B. be immunogenic and reactive C. contain a hapten and a small organic molecule D. be subject to antibody activity
be immunogenic and reactive
In active artificial immunity the A. immune system attacks normal body cells B. body is deliberately exposed to an antigen C. body receives antibodies produced by another person D. body receives antibodies produced by another animal
body is deliberately exposed to an antigen
Normal lymphocyte production are maintained through lymphpoiesis in the A. bone marrow and lymphatic tissues B. lymph in the lymphatic tissues C. blood and the lymph D. spleen and liver
bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
T cells are involved with __?__ and __?__ attack pathogens A. cell-mediated responses; directly B. cell-mediated responses; indirectly C. humoral responses; directly D. humoral responses; indirectly
cell-mediated responses; directly
T-cell activation leads to the formation of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells that provide A. humoral immunity B. cellular immunity C. phagocytosis and immunological surveillance D. stimulation of inflammation and fever
cellular immunity
Of the following selections, the one which IS NOT a physical barrier is A. hair B. complement C. epithelium D. secretions
complement
Suppressor T cells act to A. suppress antigens B. limit the degree of memory in memory T cells C. limit antigen proliferation D. depress the responses of other T cells and B cells
depress the responses of other T cells and B cells
The two major ways the body "carries out" the immune response are A. phagocytosis and inflammation B. immunological surveillance and fever C. direct attack by T cells and circulating antibodies D. physical barriers and complement
direct attack by T cells and circulating antibodies
Autoantibodies A. are produced by activated T cells B. are produced during an allergic reaction C. function against the body's normal antigens D. are produced during immunodeficiency diseases
function against the body's normal antigens
Of the following selections, the one that includes only NONspecific defenses is A. T and B cell activation, complement, inflammation, phagocytosis B. Hair, skin, mucous membranes, antibodies C. Hair, skin, complement, inflammation, phagocytosis D. Antigens, antibodies, complement, macrophages
hair, skin, complement, inflammation, phagocytosis
Small organic molecules that are not antigens by themselves
haptens
Lymphocytes that assist in the regulation and coordination of the immune response are A. Plasma cells B. helper T and suppressor T cells C. B cells D. NK and B cells
helper T and suppressor T cells
Cells that help to regulate the immune response are A. B cells B. helper T cells C. plasma cells D. cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are A. NK cells B. plasma cells C. helper T cells D. cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
With age, B cells become less active due to a reduced number of A. antibodies B. cytotoxic T cells C. helper T cells D. plasma cells
helper T cells
B cells are involved with __?__ and create a chemical attack on __?__ A. cell-mediated responses;antigens B. cell-mediated responses; pathogens C. humoral responses; antibodies D. humoral responses; antigens
humoral responses; antigens
When the immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked in some way, the condition is called an A. allergy B. inflammation C. immunodeficiency disease D. autoimmune disorder
immunodeficiency disease
The ability to demonstrate an immune response upon exposure to an antigen
immunological competence
NK (natural killer) cells sensitive to the presence of abnormal cell membranes are primarily involved with A. defenses against specific threats B. complex and time-consuming defense mechanisms C. phagocytic activity for defense D. immunological surveillance
immunological surveillance
The protein that interferes with the replication of viruses is A. complement proteins B. heparin C. interferon D. pyrogens
interferon
The structures in the lymphatic system which act as a "way station" for cancer cells
lymph nodes
The major components of the lymphatic system include A. lymph nodes, lymph, lymphocytes B. spleen, thymus, tonsils C. thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, lymph nodes D. lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymphatic organs
lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymphatic organs
The white pulp of the spleen is composed primarily of A. Lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. red blood cells D. platelets
lymphocytes
The red pulp of the spleen contains large numbers of A. RBCs B. macrophages C. neutrophils D. antibodies
macrophages
When the immune "recognition" system malfuctions, activated B cells begin to A. manufacture antibodies against other cells and tissues B. activate cytotoxic T killer cells C. secrete lymphotoxins to destroy foreign antigens D. recall memory T cells to initiate the proper response
manufacture antibodies against other cells and tissues
Protection of superficial lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity is provided by the __?__ system.
muscular
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called A. active artificial B. autoimmunity C. passive natural D. active natural
passive natural
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is A. T cells B. B cells C. phagocytes D. NK cells
phagocytes
The primary function of the lymphatic system is A. transporting of nutrients and oxygen to tissues B. removal of CO2 and waste products from tissues C. regulation of temp., fluid, electrolytes, and pH balance D. production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
The lymphatic system provides IgA for secretion by epithelial glands in the __?__ system
reproductive
The tonsils protect against infection at the entrance to the __?__ tract and the __?__ system.
respiratory & digestive
Lymphocytes and other cells involved in the immune response are produced and stored in the __?__ system.
skeletal
The four general characteristics of specific defenses include A. specificity, versatility, memory and tolerance B. innate, active, acquired, passive C. accessibility, recognition, compatibility, immunity D. all of the above
specificity, versatility, memory and tolerance
Lymphatic organs found in the lymphatic system include A. thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, lymph nodes B. lymphatic vessels, tonsils, lymph nodes C. spleen, thymus, lymph vessels D. all of the above
spleen, thymus, lymph vessels
The antigenic determinant site is the certain portion of the antigens exposed surface where A. the foreign "body" attacks B. phagocytosis occurs C. the antibody attacks D. the immune surveillance system is activated
the antibody attacks
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by the way of
thoracic duct
Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the A. bone marrow B. spleen C. liver D. thymus
thymus
The specificity of an antibody is determined by the A. fixed segment B. size of the antibodies C. antigenic determinants D. variable region
variable region
Anatomically, lymph vessels resemble A. arterioles B. veins C. elastic arteries D. the vena cava
veins
Of the selections, the one which IS NOT a part of the non-specific immunity strategy is A. B cells B. fever C. interferon D. macrophages
B cells
The type(s) of lymphocytes that produce antibodies are A. NK cells B. T cells C. B cells D. all of these
B cells
T/F. The aging process is accompanied by more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections.
False
T/F. The first exposure to an antigen produces the highest number of circulatory antibodies.
False
T/F. The primary response produces more antibodies than the secondary response.
False
T/F. B cells, NK cells, and T cells can leave the circulatory system to enter the body tissues to "fight" invaders.
True
T/F. B cells, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells all have reduced activity with age.
True
T/F. Memory B cells will differentiate into plasma cells if they are exposed to the same antigen a second time.
True
T/F: The lymphatic system provides specific defenses against infection and immune surveillance against cancer for all body systems.
True
An active antibody is shaped like a(n) A. T B. Y C. A D. B
Y
When an antigen appears, the immune response begins with the A. presence of immunoglobulins in body fluids B. release of endogenous pyrogens C. activation of the complement system D. activation of specific T cells and B cells
activation of specific T cells and B cells
The most important antibody action(s) in the body is/are A. alterations in the cell membrane to increase phagocytosis B. to attract macrophages and neutrophils to the infected areas C. activation of the complement systems D. cell lysis and digestion of the cell membrane
activation of the complement systems
Immunity resulting from natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called A. passive natural B. active natural C. autoimmunity D. innate
active natural
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in A. neutralization of the antigen B. agglutination or precipitation C. complement activation D. all are correct
all are correct
With advancing age the immune system becomes A. increasingly susceptible to viral infections B. increasingly susceptible to bacterial infections C. less effective at combating disease D. all are correct
all are correct
The lymphatic system A. helps maintain normal blood B. fights infections C. eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid D. all of the above
all of the above
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigen are A. autoimmune diseases B. allergies C. immunodeficiency diseases D. the result of stress
allergies
A specific defense mechanism is always activated by A. inflammation B. an antibody C. fever D. an antigen
an antigen
When an immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues, the result is A. immune system failure B. the development of an allergy C. depression of the inflammatory response D. an autoimmune disorder
an autoimmune system failure