Ch 14 Review Cowan Microbiology

____ function in a humoral immunity, while ____ function in cell-mediated immunity.

B-cells; T-cells

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ____

GALT

All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens EXCEPT a)hairs b)mucus c)T-cells d)tears e)unbroken skin

T-cells

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide ___

a connection between tissues and organs

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ___

a ring-shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for: a)destrcution of foreign material b)recognition of foreign material c)surveillance of the body d)both recognition of foreign material sna destruciton of foreign material e)all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Nonspecific chemical defenses include a)lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat b)lysozyme c)stomach hydrochloric acid d)the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids e)all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Plasma: a)contains albumin and globulins b)contains fibrogens c)is mostly water d)is the liquid protion of blood in which cells are suspended e)all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

The term ___ is given to any foreign substance that stimulate a specific immune system repsonse.

antigen

The term ___ refers to the presence of small numbers of bacteria in the blood.

bacteremia

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ___

basophils

The suffix -emia means

blood

Place the following in order of greatest to least phagocytic activity: a)eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils b)macrophils, eosinophils, neutrophils c)macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils d)neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages e)neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils

c)macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

Which of the following is NOT a chief function of inflammation? a)block further invasion b)cause a fever c)destroy microbes d)mobilize and attract immune components to injury site e)start tissue repair

cause a fever

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT a)chills b)pain c)redness d)swelling e)warmth

chills

The ___ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses

complement

All of the following pertain to platelets EXCEPT that they a)are not whole cell but are pieces of cells b)contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide c)fucntion in blood clotting and inflammation d)fucntion primarily in hemostasis e)origniate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryotes

contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Keratin is an important aspect of non-specific defense because it _____

creates a physical barrier against pathogens

Leukopenia is the ___ in the level of white blood cells in a patient

decrease

A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens is a _____

dendritic cell

The granules of neutrophils contain ____

digestive enzymes

The leakage of vascular fluid into tissues is called ____

edema

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ___

eosinophils

Which type of WBCs is particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?

eosinophils

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

granulocytes

Which of the following does NOT illustrate the use of universal precaution methods in the handling of patients and body substances? a)hand washing b)healthcare worker with active lesions handling patients c)mask and gloves d)proper disposal of needles e)sterilizing or disinfection of dental hand pieces

healthcare worker with active lesions handling patients

The granules of basophils contain ____

histamine

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells? a)after birth, produced in red bone marrow sites after birth b)develop from undifferentiated stem cells c)include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei d)include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes e)include glial cells

include glial cells

All of the following pertain to interferon EXCEPT it a)includes alpha, beta, and gamma types b)increases capillary permeability and vasodilation c)inhibits viruses, tumors, and cancer gene expression d)is a protein e)is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells

increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

Each of the following are benefits of fever EXCEPT it ___ a)increases metabolism b)increases phagocytosis c)increases the availability of iron d)reduces the ability of temperature sensitive organisms to multiply e)stimulates hematopoiesis

increases the availability of iron

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

interferon

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

lymph nodes

All of the following are granulocytes EXCEPT a)basophils b)eosinophils c)lymphocytes d)neutrophils e)all of the choices are granulocytes

lymphocytes

Which of the following is NOT a type of phagocyte? a)Kupffer cells b)lymphocytes c)macrophages d)monocytes e)neutrophils

lymphocytes

Which white blood cells comprise 20-30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's immune system?

lymphocytes

The chemical found in teats and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is _____

lysozyme

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ____

macrophages

All of the following are events of early inflammation EXCEPT a)brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation b)capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema c)chemical mediators and cytokines are released d)exudate and pus can accumulate e)macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis

macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis

Immuce system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ___

markers

Diapedesis is the ___

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into marcophages?

monocytes

The most numerous WBCs that have multi-lobed nuclei and are bery phagocytic are ___

neutrophils

Which of the following is INCORRECT about complement? a)act in a cascade reaction b)composed of at least 20 blood proteins c)involves a classical pathway d)involves an alternative pathway e)only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen

only appear in the blood in response to a pathogen

The granules of eosinphils contain ____

peroxidase

Components of the first line of defense include all the following EXCEPT a)nasal hairs b)phagocytic white blood cells c)the flushing action of tears and blinking d)the flushing actino of urine e)the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin

phagocytic white blood cells

Each of the following is a term reflecting a process involved in the migration of white blood cells EXCEPT a)chemotaxis b)diapedesis c)motility d)phagocytosis e)vasodilation

phagocytosis

Plasma cells ____.

produce and secrete antibodies

Hematopoiesis is the _____

production of WBCs, RBCs, and Platelets

WHich of the following is mismatched? a)interferon alpha and beta -- inhibit viral replication b)interleukin-2 -- stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production c)prostaglandins -- activate eosinophils and B cells d)serotonin -- causes smooth muscle contractions

prostaglandins -- activate eosinophils and B cells

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ___

pyrogens

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation? a)basophils and mast cells release histamine b)fever could be beneficial to inhiviting the pathogen c)inflammation can last hours to years d)pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability e)serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction

pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away grom that body site is the _____

respiratory tract

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota

skin

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood? a)GALT b)lymph nodes c)spleen d)thymus e)tonsils

spleen

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?

thymus