Ch 14 Review Cowan Microbiology
____ function in a humoral immunity, while ____ function in cell-mediated immunity.
B-cells; T-cells
The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ____
GALT
All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens EXCEPT a)hairs b)mucus c)T-cells d)tears e)unbroken skin
T-cells
The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide ___
a connection between tissues and organs
The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ___
a ring-shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for: a)destrcution of foreign material b)recognition of foreign material c)surveillance of the body d)both recognition of foreign material sna destruciton of foreign material e)all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
Nonspecific chemical defenses include a)lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat b)lysozyme c)stomach hydrochloric acid d)the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids e)all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
Plasma: a)contains albumin and globulins b)contains fibrogens c)is mostly water d)is the liquid protion of blood in which cells are suspended e)all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
The term ___ is given to any foreign substance that stimulate a specific immune system repsonse.
antigen
The term ___ refers to the presence of small numbers of bacteria in the blood.
bacteremia
The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ___
basophils
The suffix -emia means
blood
Place the following in order of greatest to least phagocytic activity: a)eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils b)macrophils, eosinophils, neutrophils c)macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils d)neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages e)neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
c)macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
Which of the following is NOT a chief function of inflammation? a)block further invasion b)cause a fever c)destroy microbes d)mobilize and attract immune components to injury site e)start tissue repair
cause a fever
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT a)chills b)pain c)redness d)swelling e)warmth
chills
The ___ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses
complement
All of the following pertain to platelets EXCEPT that they a)are not whole cell but are pieces of cells b)contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide c)fucntion in blood clotting and inflammation d)fucntion primarily in hemostasis e)origniate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryotes
contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Keratin is an important aspect of non-specific defense because it _____
creates a physical barrier against pathogens
Leukopenia is the ___ in the level of white blood cells in a patient
decrease
A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens is a _____
dendritic cell
The granules of neutrophils contain ____
digestive enzymes
The leakage of vascular fluid into tissues is called ____
edema
The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ___
eosinophils
Which type of WBCs is particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?
eosinophils
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.
granulocytes
Which of the following does NOT illustrate the use of universal precaution methods in the handling of patients and body substances? a)hand washing b)healthcare worker with active lesions handling patients c)mask and gloves d)proper disposal of needles e)sterilizing or disinfection of dental hand pieces
healthcare worker with active lesions handling patients
The granules of basophils contain ____
histamine
Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells? a)after birth, produced in red bone marrow sites after birth b)develop from undifferentiated stem cells c)include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei d)include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes e)include glial cells
include glial cells
All of the following pertain to interferon EXCEPT it a)includes alpha, beta, and gamma types b)increases capillary permeability and vasodilation c)inhibits viruses, tumors, and cancer gene expression d)is a protein e)is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells
increases capillary permeability and vasodilation
Each of the following are benefits of fever EXCEPT it ___ a)increases metabolism b)increases phagocytosis c)increases the availability of iron d)reduces the ability of temperature sensitive organisms to multiply e)stimulates hematopoiesis
increases the availability of iron
What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?
injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators
Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?
interferon
What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?
lymph nodes
All of the following are granulocytes EXCEPT a)basophils b)eosinophils c)lymphocytes d)neutrophils e)all of the choices are granulocytes
lymphocytes
Which of the following is NOT a type of phagocyte? a)Kupffer cells b)lymphocytes c)macrophages d)monocytes e)neutrophils
lymphocytes
Which white blood cells comprise 20-30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's immune system?
lymphocytes
The chemical found in teats and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is _____
lysozyme
When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ____
macrophages
All of the following are events of early inflammation EXCEPT a)brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation b)capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema c)chemical mediators and cytokines are released d)exudate and pus can accumulate e)macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis
macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis
Immuce system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ___
markers
Diapedesis is the ___
migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues
Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into marcophages?
monocytes
The most numerous WBCs that have multi-lobed nuclei and are bery phagocytic are ___
neutrophils
Which of the following is INCORRECT about complement? a)act in a cascade reaction b)composed of at least 20 blood proteins c)involves a classical pathway d)involves an alternative pathway e)only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen
only appear in the blood in response to a pathogen
The granules of eosinphils contain ____
peroxidase
Components of the first line of defense include all the following EXCEPT a)nasal hairs b)phagocytic white blood cells c)the flushing action of tears and blinking d)the flushing actino of urine e)the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
phagocytic white blood cells
Each of the following is a term reflecting a process involved in the migration of white blood cells EXCEPT a)chemotaxis b)diapedesis c)motility d)phagocytosis e)vasodilation
phagocytosis
Plasma cells ____.
produce and secrete antibodies
Hematopoiesis is the _____
production of WBCs, RBCs, and Platelets
WHich of the following is mismatched? a)interferon alpha and beta -- inhibit viral replication b)interleukin-2 -- stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production c)prostaglandins -- activate eosinophils and B cells d)serotonin -- causes smooth muscle contractions
prostaglandins -- activate eosinophils and B cells
The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ___
pyrogens
Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation? a)basophils and mast cells release histamine b)fever could be beneficial to inhiviting the pathogen c)inflammation can last hours to years d)pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability e)serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction
pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away grom that body site is the _____
respiratory tract
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota
skin
Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood? a)GALT b)lymph nodes c)spleen d)thymus e)tonsils
spleen
Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?
thymus