Ch. 21 AP euro

How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself in 1830

He invaded Algeria and established it as a French territory

What did klemens von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820

Their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

What did the early French socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society

They believed that industrial society fomented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments.

Why did klemen von Metternich , as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe

Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic group threatened to dissolve the empire

The karlsbad depress of 1819

Defined an idea of German nationalism built around a common language, culture and set of values

Why was the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 unable to create a "Greater Germany"?

Determined to maintain its empire, Austria would not agree to a Greater Germany that separated German-speaking lands from non-German territories in the empire.

In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty

Extensive cultivation of the humble potato

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of

Great Britain, France, Russia

How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848

It established national workshops to provide employment in public works projects

What was the effect of france's constitutional charter in the post-napoleonic period

It secured most of the gains made by the middle class and the peasantry during the French Revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom

In 1830, and unsuccessful revolution failed it to re-create the country of

Poland

What was one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists?

Their utopian schemes were not realistic

During the pressure in the revolution in 1848 why did the alliance between middle class liberals and workers dissolve

Workers demanded a series of democratic and vaguely socialist reforms

Composers in the romantic movement

abandoned well-defined structures and used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions

In 1848, how did the Hungarian revolutionaries envision a future hungary

as a unified, centralized Hungarian nation

The allied powers at the congress of Vienna were determined to

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution

What was the driving force in history according to Marx in the nineteenth century

economic relationship between classes

In Great Britain, the great reform bill of 1832

gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation

What was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-Century reforms in Great Britain

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class

According to Joseph Proudhon, property was

profit stolen from workers

Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

students and urban workers

Charles Fourier, a Utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called phalanxes and also urged

the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love, and sexual freedom

According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

the economy as little as possible

What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?

the key to progress was proper social organization

The chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded

universal male suffrage

At the congress of Vienna, the victorious allies

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

In the nineteenth century, what did Eugène Delacroix's work typically feature

Dramatic, colorful scenes

In 1848, what reform did the French government refuse that created a sense of class injustice

Electoral reform

Romanticism and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to

Find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture

Germaine de stale Urged the French to throw away worn out classical models and extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of the writer and thinkers of

Germany

In December 1825, some 3000 army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new tsar

Nicholas I

Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution because

Of a love of Greek classical culture.

The British corn laws of 1815 were enacted with the goal of

Prohibit the importation of foreign grain unless the price at home rose to improbable levels, thus benefiting the aristocracy but making food prices high for working people

The quadruple alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included

Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain

In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by

The Russian Empire

What reform did at Francis second Republic Institute in 1848

The right to vote for all adult men

The romantic poet William Wordsworth conceived of poetry as the

The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility

What was the result of the "June Days" in France in 1848

The triumph of the Republican army under General Louis Cavaignac, after its street fighting in the death or injury of more than 10,000 people

Victor Hugo's political evolution was exactly the opposite of Wordsworth's, whose

Youthful radicalism have way to middle-aged caution

The romantic movement was characterized by

a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination