Ch. 21 Group 2: Sections 21.3—21.6 Dynamic Study Module
Local vasodilators are important in regulating blood flow in capillary beds within tissues. Which of the following would NOT function as a local vasodilator?
Decrease tissue temperature decreased O2 levels increased lactic acid levels increased CO2 levels
Which control mechanisms are involved in both short-term and long-term regulation of cardiovascular performance?
endocrine regulation
Which chamber of the heart receives richly oxygenated blood from the lungs by the pulmonary veins?
left atrium
Which of the following is/are not a location of the baroreceptors that are involved in cardiovascular regulation?
lungs
Which of the following is/are not a location of the baroreceptors that are involved in cardiovascular regulation?
lungs Carotid sinuses Aortic sinuses Wall of the right atrium
Most of the time, the body has to adjust to blood pressure that is too low. What hormone is produced to help lower blood pressure back to normal homeostatic levels when it is too high?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
If blood flow to the kidneys were decreased by constriction or compression of the renal artery, what effect would this have on blood pressure and blood volume?
Blood pressure and volume would increase.
The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are helpful in controlling blood pressure. Which of the following does NOT stimulate the chemoreceptors?
Decreased water levels in the blood Decreased pH of the blood and CSF Decreased O2 in the blood Increased CO2 levels in the blood
F = BP/PR is an important equation to describe the factors that influence blood circulation. Which of the following correctly describes this equation?
Flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to peripheral resistance.
What effect would applying slight pressure to the common carotid artery have on your heart rate and blood pressure?
Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
The systemic blood circuit pumps blood to the body systems other than the lungs and returns blood to the heart. Which are the pumping and receiving chambers of the systemic circuit?
Left ventricle and right atrium
If a 190-pound man donated 500 ml of blood (approximately an 8.5 percent blood loss), what short-term responses will occur?
Mobilization of venous reserve.
Angiotensin II is a powerful long-term regulator of blood volume and pressure. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin II?
Production of renin
Angiotensin II is a powerful long-term regulator of blood volume and pressure. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin II?
Production of renin stimulation of thirst production of ADH production of aldosterone
What is the role of aldosterone and ADH in long-term response to blood loss?
Promoting fluid retention
Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
Which circuit brings blood to the lungs to be oxygenated before returning it to the heart?
Pulmonary circuit
When blood pressure and volume fall suddenly, such as after a hemorrhage, which of the following would not be a short-term response to compensate for the blood loss and raise blood pressure?
Release of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell development Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to promote vasoconstriction Increase in cardiac output Release of ADH to retain water in the kidneys
When the baroreceptors in the aortic and carotid sinuses are inhibited, which of the following does not occur?
The cardioinhibitory center is stimulated. The cardioacceleratory center is stimulated. The cardioinhibitory center is inhibited. The vasomotor center is stimulated.
A local vasodilator would act to __________.
accelerate blood flow through a tissue
The regulation of cardiac output primarily involves the activities of the __________.
autonomic nervous system
What is the only area of the body where blood supply is unaffected while the individual exercises at maximum levels?
brain stomach gallbladder skeletal muscles
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces blood pressure and volume by all of the following except __________.
increased secretion of aldosterone stimulating peripheral vasodilation blocking the release of ADH increasing water loss from the kidneys
How does aldosterone help in the long-term regulation of blood pressure?
increasing Na+ retention
The three primary, interrelated changes that occur as exercise begins are __________.
increasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output
Which organ or organs receive the greatest increase in blood flow during strenuous exercise?
skeletal muscle
An increase in cardiac output normally occurs during __________.
widespread sympathetic stimulation