Ch. 26 history
In the ideal gas equation, what does R represent?
The ideal gas constant
How did technological advancements aid in the spread of Protestantism across Western Europe?
The invention of the printing press allowed for the spread of Protestant ideals.
What was the primary motive behind the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre?
The massacre was a response to Charles I promising marriage between his sister and a Hugeunot.
What is the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?
The power of the Catholic Church was weakened.
What is thermodynamics?
The study of the movement of heat energy.
Assuming pressure and temperature are held constant, then what happens to the volume of a non-rigid container when the number of molecules in the container is doubled?
The volume doubles.
Why did the Habsburg dynasty fear the Reformation in the Netherlands?
They feared that religious freedom would lead to political independence.
What was likely the reason that Charles V called Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms in 1521?
To declare Luther's teachings illegal, and to preserve Catholicism under his rule.
Which units of pressure are needed if you are going to use 0.0821 as your ideal gas constant?
atmospheres
Iconoclasm is the
destruction of religious images
Which of the following variables is NOT included in the ideal gas equation?
mass
Prior to the Reformation, the Holy Roman Empire
ruled much of the European continent
If a 22.4 L container is holding 1.00 mole of a gas at 273 kelvins, then what is its pressure?
1.00 atm
In which of the following conflicts did Protestants justify their rebellion against foreign rule with the notion that only God has complete authority over humanity?
80 Years' War
Which of the following was established by the Westphalia Treaty?
All answers are correct.
The Peace of Westphalia did which of the following?
All of the above are correct.
How did the Protestant Reformation begin?
As a protest to the doctrines and abuses of the Church
Why did the 30 Years War Begin?
Because of the Defenestration of Prague.
Why did the 1635 Peace of Prague fail to establish a lasting peace?
Because the French feared the growing strength of the Hapsburg's.
Why did the French aid the Swedes in their fight against the Holy Roman Empire?
Because the French hated the Holy Roman Empire more than they did the Protestants.
Why is the zeroth law of thermodynamics important or necessary?
Because you have to first define your terms, in particular: temperature.
How did Henry IV support the Protestants during his reign?
By issuing The Edict of Nantes.
How did the Dutch Calvinists react to Philip II's reppression?
By ransacking churches and exercising iconoclasm.
The Edict of Fountainebleu did all of the following, except:
Caused the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
If you know the temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas, how would you rearrange the ideal gas equation to find the number of moles?
Divide PV by both T and R.
How would you rearrange the ideal gas equation to calculate the pressure of a gas?
Divide nRT by V
What was the PROBABLE reason that Catholics didn't want Elizabeth to become the new Queen of England after Queen Mary I died?
Elizabeth was a child from the King's second wife, and divorce or remarriage were not recognized by Catholics at this time.
Which were the likely reasons that Elizabeth was sometimes not regarded by her constituents as the rightful monarch?
Elizabeth was the result of a relationship that was never acknowledged by the Catholic Church, and her mother was later executed for treason.
During the Reformation, which of these areas was never under Habsburg control?
England
In which two countries did Mary, Queen of Scots, have a claim to the throne from a very young age?
France and Scotland
How did events during the Danish Phase differ from those of the Bohemian Phase?
France financially supported Denmark during the Danish Phase, while they were not actively involved in the Bohemian Phase.
Which of the following political moves shifts the balance of power during Europe's religious wars?
French support of the Protestant cause during the 30 Years' War
At the end of the Reformation, the Habsburg Dynasty:
Had lost its place as Europe's dominant power.
Which of the following is true concerning Cardinal Richelieu?
He stripped Huguenots of their political power.
The French Wars of Religion pitted the Catholic monarchy against French Protestants, known as Huguenots. How did this conflict differ from the German Peasants Revolt?
Huguenots were French nobles which gave them some political power, unlike the powerless German peasants.
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
If system (or object) A is in thermal equilibrium with system (or object) B, and is also in thermal equilibrium with system (or object) C, then B and C must also be in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Which of the following was NOT established by the 1635 Peace of Prague?
It awarded protection to Protestants living in southern Germany.
What was the ultimate result of the 30 Years' War?
It stripped the Holy Roman Empire of much of its land and power.
How did Calvinism influence the French Protestants?
It united them because Calvin believed that even the Pope was subject to God.
What are the laws of thermodynamics?
Laws that govern the movement of heat -- why and how it moves.
Among the following religious groups, which one did the Peace of Augsburg give the official right to exist within the Holy Roman Empire?
Lutherans
Queen Elizabeth came to the throne after the reign of her half-sister, _____.
Mary I, known as Bloody Mary
_____ was a tolerant ruler, under which Catholics and Protestants co-existed. His son, _____, worked to rid the Habsburg lands of Protestantism, leading to war.
Maximilian II, Rudolf II
Which of these men did not live under Elizabeth's reign?
Moore
If object A has a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and object A is in thermal equilibrium with objects B and C, which of the following statements can NOT be concluded from the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
Objects B and C have the same heat content.
Which of these is the most common form of the ideal gas equation?
PV = nRT
Which of the following gave German princes the right to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism?
Peace of Augsburg
After the 80 Years' War, why did the Netherlands become known accross Europe as the 'land of religious tolerance'?
Protestants in the north and Catholics in the south coexisted in peace.
The ideal gas constant, R, can be found using which of the following equations?
R = (PV)/(nT)
Why did Elizabeth I of England fear Mary Stuart?
She feared that Mary Stuart would cause a Catholic uprising within England.
What was one of the ways that Elizabeth made a significant impact on the economy of England?
She increased the trade of wool, which then changed the face of farming.
Which of the following is NOT considered a reason why Sir Walter Raleigh was Queen Elizabeth's favorite explorer?
Sir Walter Raleigh discovered the Northwest Passage across North America, helping Elizabeth gain ground in the New World.
Mary Stuart's execution helped bring about the _____.
Spanish Armada
If you want to find the volume of a gas using the ideal gas law, which values do you need to know?
T, R, P, and n
Mary, Queen of Scots gained the Scottish throne after _____.
the death of her father