Ch 3: Demographers

According to Laslett; the large numbers of older people in the world today "remain irreducibly novel" this calls for ________

"invention rather than imitation"

Demographers use three measures to describe population, which of the following is not a measure of population aging? IS

1. absolute number of older people 2.median age of population 3. increased proportion of old people in a population

?Three trends that lead to an older population are____

1. accumulation 3. recomposition 3.congregation

why do the majority of older people move into or stay in central urban areas?

1. culture ********* 2. family/ friends 3. grew up there/origin 4.friends and family

What factor or factors accounts for the recent increase in the older nonwhite population?

1. increase in fertility rates among non-whites 2. immigrants moving in and reproducing 3. high mortality among non-white 4.**non white population younger than whites

Mass retirement in Japan in the next few years poses a threat to Japans prosperity. Proposed changes that might solve this problem do NOT include_______.

1. increasing birth rate 2.raising retirement age 3.encouraging women to enter the labor force to increase productivity 4.to allow mor immigrant labor to boost national economy

Demographers study all but the following to understand population aging

1. migrations 2. birth rates 3. death rates

_______ takes place when older people stay behind, and young people move out of an area

ACCUMULATION *out-migration

In 2000,a majority of the worlds older people live in

ASIA

________ today has the largest population of older people in the world

CHINA

________ is the lead destination state for migration retirees.

Florida

A (n) _______ takes place when an older retiree moves near his or her children because of illness, disability, or death

interstate migration= kinship migration -assistance seek migration

Sastry (1992) found that retiree migrants had _____ in retirement settings.

large positive economic effects

The less developed nations make up _____________ of the worlds population

majority; three quarters (3/4)

The formula for the sex ratio is ____.

sex ration = # of men ____________ X 100 # of women

The __________ MIGRATION takes place when an older person moves from a community setting to an institution.

"preparation for aging" migration -major chronic disability migration

Demographers often divide older poplations into _________ groups.

*3 1. Young-old -55-74 2. median old (old-old)= 75 -84 3. eldest-old= 85 and older

Migration plays a small role in population aging because _________.

-immigrants typically arrive in the U.S as young adults, their presence tends to lower countries median age, -immigrants tend to have children --> lowering median age

?The less developed nations have____

-large numbers of older people in their populations -large number of young people --compete for recourses

Gerontologists use the proportion of people aged 65 and over in a population to _______.

-measure population aging --use these measures to assess various impacts of population aging on social life, and to project social changes due to population aging

_____________ takes place when older people of all ages move into an area that younger people leave.

Recomposition

Research shows that _____ tends to determine the place people choose for an amenity move.

Roots and Home town of origin

Birth rates reflect _____.

changing social and demographic conditions.

older people tend to live in cities because of ____.

1. In city centers and have always lived there 2. close friends in neighborhoods 3. educated suburbanites to move back in later life for culture and arts, lifestyle

The two pillars of the Japanese social security system are _________

1. National pension plan 2. universal health insurance program

which of the following is NOT a measure that demographers use to determine population aging?

1. The absolute number of older people in a population 2.median age of population 3.increased proportion of older people

In the past, population aging took place _____.

because of decreased infant mortality

what is the major cause of population aging?

birth rates and death rates

An increasing older population in developed countries, for example, will __________ government pension and health care costs in the future

face the issues of RISING healthcare and pension costs

Gerontologists define the group ________ as the young old.

55-74

_________ would reduce the impact of an older population on public funds.

A stronger economy snf improved private pension plans

_________ takes place when people of all ages move into an area, but older people arrive at a faster pace.

CONGREGATION

The country with the highest percentage of its population 65 and over is

JAPAN

Why does Florida have one of the largest proportions of population age 65 and over in the U.S.?

Retirement-Amenities migration --> congregation: -movement of baby boomers at a faster pace than younger people to the region

_______ has lead to longer life in old age and will extend the lives of more people in the future.

*better health care and disease prevention

Today the nonwhite population in the U.S is ______ than the white population,

YOUNGER -higher fertility rates amongst non-whites; higher mortality amongst whites..

Increased population aging will create _____ for developed nations in the future

challenges and strain

Major cause of population aging in the U.S. today

decline in fertility rate

In the future population aging will occur because of

increased longevity

Today and in the future, population aging will occur mostly because of

increased longevity

What keeps the proportion of older people in the sunbelt states other than Florida relatively low?

-because sunbelt states also attract a large number of young people ex: california

Researchers trace the rapid increase in population aging in china to a(n)

-decrease in chinas fertility rate -one child policy -"china will get old before it gets rich"

in developed nations the combination of poor economics and increasing numbers of older people will result in ________

-demographic changes, outpaced industrialization and modernization

The proportion of people age 65 and over measures the ______

-relationship between the older group and rest of society -an increase in population of older people= decrease proportion of other age groups

In the future the social structure of the older population will become _______.

...

which of the following is not a trend that leads to an older population in the United States?

1. accumulation 2. recomposition 3. congregation regional distribution?

? At least three specific changes in birth rate influenced population aging in the U.S. which of the following did not influence population aging?

1. new methods of bith control 2.more schooling and starting families later 3. more women in the workforce

The major causes of population changes are _____

1. people move into or out of society 2. people die 3. people are born

?Korczyk (2002) and other take a close look at dependency ratios and fail to see an economic crisis due to population aging because Baby boomers...

1. plan to stay active in their retirement 2. attitudes towards retirement change -- retire later 3.add to economy because work longer 4. tend to get a new occupation 5. tend to stay engaged in social life as they age 6. will enter later life with better health than previous generations- more concerned with physical well being

population aging presents challenges to the developed nations which include all but one of the following

1. rapid urbanization 2. industrialization 3.globalization 4. changes in the environemnt

According to Longino, which of the following is not a major reason to move in old age?

1. retirement 2. moderate disability - INTERSTATE migration 3. major chronic disability

Longino (2001) says that people tend to move for three reasons in old age. which of the following is NOT a reason that older people move?

1. retirement: Amenities migration (leisure) 2. moderate disability migration (close to family) 3. major chronic disability migration- (nursing home)

Suburban communities show an increase in older people. which of the following is not a factor in the proportional rise of older people?`

1. suburbs attracted young couples after WWII= baby boom; age in place 2.children of baby boomers, grow up and move away 3.older move back when they retire

The united nations (2002) predicts that by the year 2025, over __________ of the worlds population will be found in developing countries

1/4 population 65 and over

In 2006, older people accounted for over ______% of the total population of the United States.

12%

The demographics of a population can change in ________ways.

3 ways

In the United States, about _____ of older people live in metropolitan counties.

3/4

According to Gonyea (2010), the number of people aged 85 and older will grow about _____ times in size between 200 and 2050

5 times

Gerontologists most often use the proportion of people age ______ as a measure of population aging

65 and over

Wang (2004) reports that the group aged ____ accounts for 1.5% of the population, but uses the most nursing homes and medical services.

85 and over oldest-old population

Longino (2992) calls the first type of move, at retirement ______.

Amenities migration: -people move to enjoy a new lifestyle, establish new identity, move near friends, leisure , move to place of childhood roots

Some older people move to enjoy a new lifestyle at retirement. This type of move is called ___.

Amenity Migration.

?The low sex ratio of the older population means that women stand a better chance of _______ than men.

Being single later in life

Demographers find that migration patterns follow the

Life-course

Demographers find that migration patterns of society usually follow ________.

Life-course

He and colleagues (2005) say that the proportion of ____ in the older populations will decrease by the year 2030

Non-hispanic whites

Dependency Ratios assume that all people age 65 and over ____.

depend primarily on young people/ public support

? The difference in racial and ethnic composition of older populations in the U.S. show a trend towards_____.

greater ethnic and racial diversity in old age

In the U.S. the majority of older people live in___.

metropolitan cities 3/4

The dependency ratio gives a crude measure of how many ______ exist to support younger and older people in the population.

middle- aged working people

According to HeTZEL and Smith (2001), by the year 2050, older people will make up ______% and younger people will make up______% of the population.

older people --> 20.6% younger people -->18.5%

The fastest growing age group in the country is the group aged ________

oldest-old population 85 and over

An increase in the median age of a society means that the_______

population has gotten older

compared to me, women face greater chance of being ______ in later life.

single 1. women marry older men 2. men have shorter life expectancy 3. men tend to remarry

Sokolovsky (2000( concludes that _______ remains the primary source of support for older people throughout the world .

the family

The ability of a country to help its older people largely depends on

ECONOMY

The sex Ratio in the older population has declined throughout the 20th century due to ___.

** proportion of men in age cohort decreases over time -now narrowing 1. increase smoke by women 2. women enter workforce and face same stressors as men 3.men have increased life expectancy

_________, more than any other cause, explains population aging in the past

*decline in the fertility rate and birth rate

_______ will produce an explosive growth in the number of older people in developing nations

*demographic transition 1. higher fertility in the past 2. greater survival of old people in the present

How do the oldest- old population differ demographically from the young-old population of today?

*social networks of these people declined over time= smaller social networks

what accounts for high concentration of older people in the Midwestern states?

Accumulation =in-migratin -younger people are moving out to find jobs

By the year 2030, the proportion of _____ in the older population will increase

African Americans, Hispanics, Asians *greater ethnic and racial diversity

The demographic transition describes a pattern of population change where nations move from ___________

Hight to LOW birth and death rates

The United Nations reports that the developed nations will experience _____in their proportion of older people

INCREASE -put a burden on the young

_________ MIGRATION takes place when older retirees move back near their children.

INTERSTATE MIGRATION: Kinship migration --> moderate disability

A(n) ______ will strain current social, health, and economic programs in developing nations in the future

Increase in older people in developing nations

What is the major conclusion drawn from dependency ratios?

That an increase in older people will place a burden on society. --future will see a large group of older people depend on a smaller group of younger people ....

population aging will slow and in some years reverse itself. Myers (1990) calls this

The metabolism of the population

Total dependency ratio

the impact of population aging : the aging of older population will lead to change

Gerontologists divide the older population into two groups, the young-old and the old-old, aged

young-old= 65 and over old-old=75 and over